俄罗斯东部区域经济发展差异研究

区域差异历来是国内外学者关注的热点问题,区域差异长期扩大、过分悬殊,会产生严重的负面影响;而处于转轨时期的俄罗斯,由于各种矛盾导致经济发展缓慢、区域差异不断扩大。针对俄罗斯东部地区人口分布特点,利用超越对数计量模型深入分析后发现,俄罗斯东部地区科技贡献率都较低,经济增长主要是依靠劳动力和物质资本的投入,并且劳动力对经济贡献率远高出物质资本的贡献率。要转化优势、加快经济增长,就必须把自然资源与科技创新和劳动力发展等结合起来,提高人力与物质资本的直接产出弹性和外溢弹性,是俄罗斯东部、乃至整个俄联邦增强经济实力,在国际贸易中争取最大利益的重要途径之一。     

A comparison of the reactions to government taxation measures of twentieth century mining companies and nineteenth century pastoralists

This paper compares pastoralists in South Australia in the nineteenth century with Australian mining companies in the twentieth century as they resist the efforts of government to extract a greater proportion of the wealth created in the exploitation of natural resources. In effect, in both cases the struggle relates to the allocation of economic rent between private and corporate capital on the one hand, and the owners of the resources, the people of Australia, on the other. It is difficult not to be impressed by the similarities in the ideologies, objectives and strategies of these two groups of resource exploiters, separated though they are by over one hundred years.     

Vibrant Centers as Locations for High-Growth Firms: An Analysis of Thirty U.S. Metropolitan Areas

What kinds of places have high entrepreneurial activities? There has been an emerging body of studies about so-called entrepreneurship ecosystems, but virtually all of the past studies have examined this question from a perspective of which metropolitan areas have higher entrepreneurial activities. In this article, we examine the intrametropolitan scale at the Census tract level. By analyzing thirty metropolitan areas to extend external validity, we demonstrate the concentration of high-growth firms in specific employment nodes in both urban and suburban parts of each metropolitan area. Significant correlations exist between place-based vibrancy indicators and high-growth firm concentrations.     

中国地区制造业竞争力类型划分

借鉴国内外相关研究,遵从科学性、系统性、动态性和可操作性原则,针对我国区域经济特点,从规模、市场、效率、成长、结构和创新6方面选取11个指标构建我国地区制造业竞争力评价指标体系,以省区为单位,从宏观层面划分我国地区制造业竞争力类型,旨在对不同类型区制造业竞争力的提升提供理论依据。研究表明:根据竞争力综合指数,1985年和2003年我国各省区制造业竞争力均可划分为最强、较强、一般、较弱和最弱五类;结合近20年来各省(市、区)制造业综合竞争力在全国的位次变化,可将其划分为高水平稳定型、较高水平波动型、低水平波动型和较低水平振动型四类;根据竞争力内部结构,可将其划分为绝对市场主导型、强创新弱市场型、规模-成长主导型、结构基本均衡型和结构特殊不均衡型五类。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management . DAVID P. PAINE . Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and Applications A. D. CLIFF AND J. K. ORD Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual JOHN A. MATTHEWS . Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing . HERBERT FREEMAN AND GOFFREDO G. PIERONI , eds. Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982 . MARK S. MONMONIER . Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions . STEPHEN C. JETT AND VIRGINIA E . SPENCER . Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography . EDWARD RELPH . Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy . W. L. L'ESPERANCE . Economic Geography . JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER . The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture . INGOLF VOCELER . Libya: The Experience of Oil . J. A. ALLEN . Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance . ROBERT BENNETT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man . LARRY W. PRICE . Environmental Geology . DONALD R. COATES . An Introduction to Environmental Systems . G. H. DURY . The Environment: Chinese and American Views . Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MA AND ALLEN G. NOBLE . Land Use in America . RICHARD H. JACKSON . Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography . MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.). Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird . GUNNAR OLSSON . PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications . J. E. OLIVER . Geomorphological Techniques . ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.). Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour . RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON . The State of the World Atlas . MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL . Population The Population of the South . DUDLEY L. POSTON , JR . AND ROBERT H. WELLER , eds. Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation . ARTHUR MORRIS . Developing the Amazon . EMILIO F. MORAN . Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography . BRIAN W. ILBERY . Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia . RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES , eds. African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States . HARM DE BUJ AND ESMOND MARTIN , eds. Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition . AMOS H. HAWLEY AND SARA MILLS MAZIE , eds. Social Crime and Environment . R. NORMAN DAVIDSON . The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations . JOE T. DARDEN , ed. Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World . MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.) Problems and Planning in Third World Cities . Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE . The City in West Europe . D. BURTENSHAW , M. BATEMAN , AND C. J. ASHWORTH .     

战略耦合的研究脉络与问题

在回顾经济地理学中较为前沿的战略耦合概念的起源、发展与研究现状的基础上,对战略耦合研究的优点与问题展开评述,认为当前研究在战略耦合模式的探讨中,主要基于经验总结而缺乏对影响变量,特别是空间变量的阐述,存在一定的模糊性。为理解该问题的根源,追溯了全球生产网络和全球价值链两个学派的争论和最新进展。在认可全球价值链理论解释力的同时,认为当前全球生产网络2.0版本的研究框架仍然没有解决模糊性的问题,而且全球生产网络的分析框架主要侧重于主导企业视角来构建战略耦合的发生机制,忽略了后发地区和企业的主动性。因此,借鉴传统经济地理学研究,充分考虑主导企业和后发地区的行为逻辑,提出经济活动的空间粘性和区域的区位优势这两个变量,重构了战略耦合的分析框架,并进行理论阐述。该项理论构建有助于更好地厘清战略耦合的发生机制,帮助发展中国家和地区判读发展机遇,确立产业发展与升级战略。     

哈大高铁对东北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响

基于GIS平台,构建可达性模型分析哈大高铁开通后东北各城市旅游交通网络可达性变化特征,然后通过修正引力模型,从时空压缩效应、高铁旅游带的形成、旅游通勤圈空间分异、加剧旅游极化效应等方面分析哈大高铁对东北各城市间旅游经济联系的影响。结果显示：高铁带来的时空压缩效应大大强化了东北城市的旅游交通可达性和旅游经济联系,整个通勤圈时空压缩2 h左右,提升幅度均呈现距离高铁增加而衰减现象,且省际城市间的变化大于省内城市间的变化,东三省的变化大于内蒙东部区域的变化。沿线城市在高铁开通后将获得更大的旅游发展动能,并加快哈大高铁旅游带的形成。沿线城市“一日游”和“两日游”受益明显,偏远城市则在“七日游”方面受益较多;东北旅游应以高铁为契机,精心开发沿线旅游精品线路,加快旅游一体化合作,打造东北旅游新形象。高铁使旅游市场空间分布上出现“极化效应”,提升旅游产业供求效率的同时,拉大了城市间旅游差距,不利于旅游产业协调性发展。今后应以高铁为核心完善快速交通干线布局,将更多旅游城市和旅游景点纳入高铁通勤圈。     

Industrial structural changes in Hong Kong, China under one country, two systems framework

Hong Kong has undergone substantial economic transformations and developed into a sophisticated business and financial center in the Asia-Pacific region,since the return of sovereignty to China as a Special Administrative Region under the One Country Two Systems (OCTS) in 1997.This paper discusses and analyzes the industrial structural changes of Hong Kong in recent decades as well as its future challenges and opportunities.The data and finding reveal that even though Hong Kong will face fierce competition from the Mainland’s cities as the rise of China,the important role as a bridge between China and the rest of the world will brace Hong Kong itself under the OCTS for developing into a service hub for business and trade in the Asia-Pacific region.     

基于复杂性理论的城市经济网络研究进展与展望

城市经济网络的研究借鉴了复杂性理论的分析方法,能更细致地刻画城市网络的空间格局。现有的大量研究仍沿袭城市体系空间结构的思路,注重城市的竞争和位序关系以及城市网络的中心性,未能充分体现城市经济网络和城市体系空间格局的差异。本文通过对基本文献的梳理,从复杂性理论的视角将城市经济网络研究的发展历程分为3个阶段:20世纪40年代前的基础理论构建阶段;50-90年代的发展创新突破阶段以及21世纪以来的多元繁荣发展阶段。目前,城市经济网络研究的热点领域包括城市经济的拓扑结构和空间拟合、全球城市联系的范围测算和质量评价;城市经济网络结构的动力学影响以及城市经济网络的安全管控和功能优化。未来要关注大数据时代的数据整合和挖掘,构建城市经济网络的整体研究框架。     

淮海经济区协调发展度评价研究

基于区域协调发展的判定标准,构建区域协调发展的指标体系,通过线性加权模型和离差系数法分别计算出淮海经济区经济-社会-人口-资源-环境系统的综合发展水平得分和淮海经济区、苏北鲁南豫东皖北四大板块和20个市的协调度,通过对其分析得出以下结论：（1）淮海经济区处于低经济发展阶段的高协调度阶段;（2）市域协调度多处于中级基本协调阶段;（3）协调度呈现东高西低的空间格局。