华中榴辉岩域的岩浆型榴辉岩及其形成机制

中国中部鄂豫皖苏鲁的榴辉岩分布面积约达５００００ｋｍ＾２，构成地球上一个罕见的宏大的榴辉岩域。榴辉岩的主要围岩是长曲质片麻岩，它与榴辉岩不是相同高压变质作用的产物。     

Petrology and Petrogenesis of the Eclogite in Mt.Dabie Area,Central China

The occurrence,mineralogy and geochemistry of eclogites in the Mt.Dabie area show that they were subjected to a high-pressure metamorphism together with the country rocks,but their petrochemistry and REE geochemistry show some difference from those of the country rocks.The geochemical characteristics of the eclogites are similar to those of bot continental tholeiitic basalt and oceanic tholeiitic basalt.The rocks probably subducted to the upper mantle with the Dabie metamorphic complex.When elevated to the surface,they were subjected to different staes of retrogressive metamorphism.     

青龙山榴辉岩的退变质显微结构及相关的物质迁移——南苏鲁榴辉岩退变质过程中流体活动的证据

对南苏鲁青龙山榴辉岩的扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜的详细观察表明，其峰期矿物组合为石榴石 绿辉石Ⅰ 蓝晶石 金红石( 柯石英)，基本无含水矿物，并被第二期矿物(或组合)逐步替代，形成后成合晶或冠状体假像，即：绿辉石Ⅰ→绿辉石Ⅱ 钠长石 铁氧化物后成合晶，金红石→金红石 钛铁矿，蓝晶石→钠云母。第二期矿物又被第三期矿物(组合)替代：绿辉石Ⅱ( 钠长石 铁氧化物)→角闪石( 斜长石 铁氧化物)，石榴石→韭闪石 铁氧化物。绿帘石与石英是最晚期流体沿微裂隙活动的产物。详细的矿物成分分析及成分迁移估算结果显示，早期后成合晶的形成过程产生多余的Fe、Mg、Na，但消耗部分Ca、Si。产生的Mg、Fe迁移到石榴石边部，引发石榴石内部的(Mg，Fe)／Ca交换，在石榴石颗粒中形成向边部Ca降低、Mg和Fe升高的成分环带。交代产生的Ca被后成合晶消耗，而后成合晶产生的Na被替代蓝晶石的钠云母消耗。在退变质作用晚期，更多流体进入榴辉岩，引发流体渗滤交代反应，无水的早期后成合晶被含水后成合晶(角闪石 斜长石 铁氧化物)替代，同时在石榴石边部形成角闪石 少量铁氧化物反应边。成分迁移估算显示，上述两个过程的成分变化具有一定程度的耦合性。矿物反应曲线、THERMOCALC计算确定的P-T轨迹显示，青龙山榴辉岩的退变质过程主要发生在高压条件(低地温梯度)下，明显不同于北苏鲁地区榴辉岩。这种热演化特点的差异暗示南北苏鲁超高压变质块体可能具有不同的回返历史。     

大别-苏鲁超高压变质带榴辉岩部分熔融的证据——微量元素和铅同位素

俯冲玄武质洋壳的部分熔融作用是一种重要的大陆生长作用，但是陆壳物质在俯冲过程中能否发生部分熔融缺少直接的证据。笔者利用已有的微量元素分配系数，讨论了岛弧玄武岩在脱水和部分熔融2种过程中微量元素行为和铅同位素演化的差异。Pb在2种过程中都属于不相容元素，但在脱水过程中其不相容性明显高于Rb、Ba、Th、U，而在熔融过程中则低于上述元素，在ω(Rb)/ω(Pb)-ω(Rb)、ω（Ba)/ω(Pb)-ω(Ba)、ω（Th)/ω(Pb)-ω(Th)、ω（U）／ω(Pb)-ω(U)相关图上2种过程的演化方向差别明显。此外，Pb和Th、U的相容性的差异也使得石榴石和绿辉石的单矿物铅同位素在2种过程中明显不同。在此基础上，结合大别－苏鲁榴辉岩的实测数据，认为大别－苏鲁榴辉岩可能部分是岛弧玄武岩部分熔融后的残余体，部分为单纯脱水的产物。大陆玄武质岩石在俯冲过程中也可能发生部分熔融作用。     

Remnants of premetamorphic fluid and oxygen isotopic signatures in eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie-Sulu terranes, eastern China

A combined oxygen‐isotope and fluid‐inclusion study has been carried out on high‐ and ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (HP/UHPM) eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie‐Sulu terranes in eastern China. Coesite‐bearing eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenite and quartz eclogites have a wide range in whole‐rock δ¹⁸O_VSMOW, from 0 to 11‰. The high‐T oxygen‐isotope fractionations preserved between quartz and garnet preclude significant retrograde isotope exchange during exhumation, and the wide range in whole‐rock oxygen‐isotope composition is thought to be a presubduction signature of the precursors. Aqueous fluids with variable salinities and gas species (N₂‐, CO₂‐, or CH₄‐rich), are trapped as primary inclusions in garnet, omphacite and epidote, and in quartz blebs enclosed within eclogitic minerals. In high‐δ¹⁸O HP/UHPM rocks from Hujialin and Shima, high‐salinity brine and/or N₂ inclusions occur in garnet porphyroblasts, which also contain inclusions of coesite, Cl‐rich blue amphibole and dolomite. In contrast, in low‐δ¹⁸O eclogites from Qinglongshan and Huangzhen, the Cl concentrations in amphibole are very low, < 0.2 wt.%, and low‐salinity aqueous inclusions occur in quartz inclusions in epidote porphyroblasts and in epidote cores. These low‐salinity fluid inclusions are believed to be remnants of meteoric water, although the fluid composition was modified during pre‐ and syn‐peak HP/UHPM. Eclogites at Houshuichegou and Hetang contain CH₄‐rich fluid inclusions, coexisting with high‐salinity brine inclusions. Methane was probably formed under the influence of CO₂‐rich aqueous fluids during serpentinisation of mantle‐derived peridotites prior to or during plate subduction. Remnants of premetamorphic low‐ to high‐salinity aqueous fluid with minor N₂ and/or other gas species preserved in the Dabie‐Sulu HP/UHPM eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite indicate a great diversity of initial fluid composition in the precursors, implying very limited fluid–rock interaction during syn‐ and post‐peak HP/UHPM.     

大别山碧溪岭榴辉岩的K-Ca同位素定年:多硅白云母含过剩氩的新证据

40K可以进行分支衰变成40 Ar和40 Ca。在正常情况下 ,这对40 K 40 Ar或3 9Ar 40 Ar年龄与40 K 40 Ca年龄在误差范围内应该一致。测定了国家钾标样的含量、国家钾长石 (W 0 3116 )和球团矿 (W 72 0 0 )的钾钙含量、国内K Ar法标准矿物黑云母 (ZBH 2 5 )和角闪石 (ZBJ)的钾钙含量以及Tachiti标样的 (40 Ca/42 Ca)比值和含量 ,结果实测值与标称值在误差范围内一致。对大别山碧溪岭超高压变质榴辉岩的多硅白云母、绿辉石和石榴子石进行了 (40 Ca/42 Ca)和 (40 K/42 Ca)的测定。由15组数据构成的等时线斜率S =0 .12 0 8± 0 .0 4 2 3,相应的K Ca年龄为 2 2 8± 75Ma。然而多硅白云母和绿辉石的3 9Ar 40 Ar等时线年龄分别为 80 7.1± 32 .6Ma和 4 5 6 .7± 2 7.2Ma ,在误差范围内明显地高于40 K 40 Ca等时线年龄 ,这给出了前者存在过剩氩的直接证椐。此外 ,K Ca等时线的初始值 (40 Ca/42 Ca) i 为 15 1.4 2 4± 0 .0 13,相应的 ξCa为 +2 7。由于地幔岩的 ξCa≈ 0 ,所以前者表明榴辉岩的原岩具有典型的大陆地壳性质 ,这为大别山超高压变质岩体是由大陆物质俯冲至上地幔的深度 ,然后折返至大陆的形成过程提出了又一个判据     

Fractionation of bulk rock composition due to porphyroblast growth: effects on eclogite facies mineral equilibria, Pam Peninsula, New Caledonia

Chemically zoned porphyroblasts in metamorphic rocks indicate that diffusional processes could not maintain equilibrium conditions on a grain scale during porphyroblast growth or establish it afterwards. An effect of this inability to maintain equilibrium is the progressive removal of elements forming garnet cores from any metamorphic reaction that occurs at the porphyroblast boundaries or in the matrix of the rock. To examine this effect on mineral assemblages, the Bence–Albee matrix correction was applied to X‐ray intensity maps collected using eclogite samples from northern New Caledonia in order to determine the chemical composition of all parts of the sample. The manipulation of these element maps allows a quantitative analysis of the fractionation of the bulk rock composition between garnet cores and the matrix. A series of calculated equilibrium‐volume compositions represents the change in matrix chemistry with progressive elemental fractionation as a consequence of prograde garnet growth under high‐P conditions. Pressure–temperature pseudosections are calculated for these compositions, in the CaO–Na₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O system. Assemblages, modal proportions and mineral textures observed in the New Caledonian eclogites can be closely modelled by progressively ‘removing’ elements forming garnet cores from the bulk rock composition. The pseudosections demonstrate how chemical fractionation effects the peak metamorphic assemblage, prograde textures and the development of retrograde assemblages.     

柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦和锡铁山榴辉岩中石榴子石环带对比及地质意义

大柴旦榴辉岩和锡铁山榴辉岩同为柴达木盆地北缘高压—超高压变质带的组成部分,但它们的岩相学特征、形成的PT条件及榴辉岩中石榴子石中保存的成分环带均具有明显的差异。大柴旦榴辉岩峰期变质的PT条件为T=620～730℃,P=2.3～2.8GPa,岩相学研究表明其经历了近等温降压或降温降压的后榴辉岩相历史,保存有进变质的矿物组合和石榴子石的生长环带及增生结构。相反,锡铁山榴辉岩的榴辉岩相的温度较高,岩相学研究显示其具有明显的后榴辉岩相的高温麻粒岩相的叠加,PT轨迹显示压力峰期早于温度峰期,具有略升温降压的后榴辉岩相变质历史,榴辉岩中石榴子石的成分环带表现为扩散环带,没有生长环带保留。大柴旦榴辉岩和锡铁山榴辉岩的不同的石榴子石环带特征反映了两者在形成过程中,特别是折返过程中不同的构造热历史。     

大别山榴辉岩氢氧同位素组成及其地球动力学意义

碧溪岭榴辉岩石至少经历了５个阶段的变质作用，矿物对氧同位素地质测温结果与通过岩石学方法计算的温度吻合得非常好，表明碧溪岭榴辉岩体中大部分同位素体系接近或达到平衡，且退变质作用未明显破坏这种平衡，榴辉岩全岩δ＾１８Ｏ为３‰～５‰指示其母岩玄武岩曾与地表水在变质作用之前发生过一定程度的交换作用。