广东三水盆地晚自垩世—始新世古地磁研究及构造意义

对广东三水盆地上白垩统三水组、大　山组、古新统莘庄组及始新统　心组、宝月组的系统的古地磁研究结果表明：（１）旋转运动是该区构造运动的主要形式，顺时针旋转盆地拉张发育，这时针旋转盆地挤压衰亡，发育的程度与旋转角度有关；（２）始新世该区旋转方向由顺时针旋转变为道时针旋转，对应于太平洋－库拉板块对欧亚板块作用方向的改变，说明三水盆地的形成发育与太平洋－库拉板块对欧亚板块的作用密切相关；（３）三水盆地所在的华南地块从晚白垩世至始新世在纬向上不存在明显的运动，一直停留在略低于现今纬度的位置上。     

双涡互旋的数值模拟试验

本文应用准地转正压无辐散模式对双涡的相互作用进行了数值模拟试验。试验结果表明：（1）只考虑相对涡度平流的情况下双涡以互旋为主，而且随着初始间距的缩小，互旋越来越明显。双涡的相互作用与它们的初始间距以及它们的强度和结构有密切的关系。（2）双涡的移动加速和减速都是出现在它们移动方向改变的时刻，当移动方向向逆时针方向变化时移速减慢，否则加快。     

大别山地区石榴石橄榄岩的岩石学和地球化学

本文首次对我国石榴石橄榄岩类岩石进行系统的岩石学和地球化学研究。通过对大别山地区两个不同类型岩体中的石榴石橄榄岩的岩石学、岩石化学、矿物化学和稀土元素地球化学研究,表明这类岩石属钙碱性系列超基性岩;与地幔成分相比,富集易熔元素,亏损难熔元素;利用矿物地质温压计估算其形成压力为2×10~9pa,成岩温度为600～700℃具有正铕异常和轻稀土元素富集特征 推测为地壳下部的超基性岩经深成变质而成。     

长江和黄河入海沉积物不同粒级组分中稀土元素的比较

为探索区分黄、东海陆架沉积物中来自长江和黄河源的有效替代性指标,从长江和黄河河口区各取3个沉积物样品作为长江和黄河入海沉积物的端元样品。研究结果表明:长江和黄河沉积物不同粒级组分中REE的变化范围分别为145.49~256.77 μg/g和121.22~135.56 μg/g,随粒度由细变粗分别呈下倾的"双峰"型分布和倒"S"型分布;长江沉积物中REE约为黄河的1.5倍,最低值比黄河的最高值高出20%;8~16 μm和2~4 μm是凸显长江和黄河沉积物稀土元素差异的敏感粒级,REE、LREE/HREE和(La/Yb)n等稀土元素特征参数在这两个粒级组分中差异明显。本次实验结果大幅度地提高了两条河流REE差异的灵敏度和可信度,为建立区分长江与黄河入海沉积物物源实用的有效指标提供了可能。     

海洋地球物理学和海洋地质学的发展

回顾了20世纪60年代板块学说的诞生,以及海洋地球物理学及海洋地球物理学家对这场地球科学革命所做出的巨大贡献。二次世界大战中,海洋技术飞速进步;战后,西方国家的海洋地球物理学家利用这些技术在海上开展了广泛的地球物理调查,积累了大量资料,有了许多重要发现。大洋地震带原来是一条裂谷带;大洋地磁场存在以中脊为中心,向两边正负相间的对称异常条带;大洋底沉积很薄,且从中脊向两边逐步加厚;大洋地壳仅厚数千米,而大陆地壳厚达30千米以上;大洋中脊处热流值很高,向两边逐步减小;地球的地震波速度从地表到约深80 km逐步增大,从80 km深度处速度开始减小,说明地球表层存在岩石圈,其下部存在软流圈;在海沟处,地震震中分布从海沟开始,向下沿约45°倾角到700 km深处,这可能是大洋岩石圈俯冲之处。由此地球科学家提出了板块构造假说,认为地幔深处的岩浆沿大洋中脊处向上运移,在海底处不断产生新洋壳;新洋壳(岩石圈)不断向两边运动,在海沟处向大陆岩石圈之下俯冲、消亡;当大洋岩石圈俯冲消亡之后,两边的大陆就发生碰撞,形成造山带,因此,地球上最老的大陆年龄达38亿年,而大洋岩石圈最老年龄只有1.8亿年。板块构造学说坚持活动论,是大陆漂移假说的发展之结果,更是地球科学深刻革命的开始。当它上陆之后,地球科学就掀起了革命的风暴。     

Rare earth elements in suspended and bottom sediments of the Mandovi estuary, central west coast of India: Influence of mining

Rare earth elements (REEs) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Mandovi estuary indicated that the mean total-REEs (∑REE) and light REE to heavy REE ratios are lower than that of the average suspended sediment in World Rivers and Post-Archean average Australian shale. High ∑REE were associated with high SPM/low salinity and also with high SPM/high salinity. Although the ∑REE broadly agree with SPM levels at each station, their seasonal distributions along transect are different. SPM increased seaward in the estuary both during the monsoon and pre-monsoon, but consistently low at all stations during the post-monsoon. The mean ∑REE decreased marginally seaward and was <25% at sea-end station than at river-end station. Spatial variations in ∑REE are maximum (64%) during the pre-monsoon. Strong to moderate correlation of ∑REE with Al, Fe and Mn in all seasons indicates adsorption and co-precipitation of REEs with aluminosilicate phases and Fe, Mn-oxyhydroxides. The ratio of mean ∑REE in sediment/SPM is low during the monsoon (1.27), followed by pre-monsoon (1.5) and post-monsoon (1.62). The middle REE- and heavy REE-enriched patterns with positive Ce and Eu anomalies are characteristic at every station and season, both in SPM and sediment. They also exhibit tetrad effect with distinct third and fourth tetrads. Fe-Mn ore dust is the most dominant source for REEs. However, the seasonal changes in the supply of detrital silicates, Fe-Mn ore dust and particulates resuspended from bottom sediments diluted the overall effect of salinity on fractionation and distribution of REEs in the estuary.     

地球运动的超非线性分析

根据超非线性速度理论，研究了地球的自转状态，得知地球自转的角速度沿半径方向有突变和减小，并由此计算了地壳相对于地核的角速度差值，算得赤道表面每年西移１．７５ｃｍ，符合已报道的观测数据。     

Rotation Center and Horizontal Bearing Capacity of the Bucket Foundation in Soft Ground

In the last 20 years, the bucket foundation has been developed as a new type of offshore platform structure. Because of its short period of application to engineering practices, the theoretical decision on the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity of the bucket foundation has yet to be agreed. A limit analysis method is used to determine the updated rotation center position and horizontal bearing capacity to evaluate the failure mechanisms of the bucket foundations. The results are compared with numerical simulation and experiments, and also with other theoretical methods. The proposed method can satisfactorily consider the engineering conditions and the result is accurate in determining the rotation center and horizontal bearing capacity.     

Moon-based Earth observation: scientific concept and potential applications

Although Earth’s surface parameters obtained from satellite data have become more and more precise, it is still difficult to guarantee temporal consistency and spatial continuity for large-scale geoscience phenomena. Developing new Earth observation platforms is a feasible way to improve the consistency and continuity of such data. As the planet’s only natural satellite, the Moon has special advantages as a platform for observing Earth, including long lifetime, whole disk view, tectonic stability and unique perspective. After presenting the observation geometry constructed by using the ephemeris, this paper mainly discusses the characteristics of a lunar platform and the proper Moon-based sensors, as well as the scientific objectives of Moon-based Earth observation. Solid Earth dynamics, the energy budget of Earth, Earth’s environmental elements and the Earth-space environment are four potential applications analysed in this paper.     

双向耦合循环剪切条件下超固结饱和海洋黏土孔压与强度特性研究

针对长江口地区的重塑饱和海洋黏土,进行了一系列均等固结条件下的应力控制式轴向-扭转双向耦合循环剪切试验,着重探讨了循环荷载分量比R与超固结比OCR对孔压与动强度特性的影响。试验结果表明,随着R的减小,波动孔压幅值逐渐降低,而残余孔压先降低后升高,R = 1时残余孔压最小。在循环耦合剪切作用过程中,对应相同循环次数,随着OCR的增大,累积孔压变小,而波动孔压幅值却在增大。对应相同循环次数比N/Nf,随着OCR增大,残余孔隙水压力比ur / urmax减小。经归一化处理后ur / urmax-N/Nf关系曲线对于正常固结与超固结饱和黏土可分别用不同的表达式来表达。随着R的降低,破坏循环次数先增大后减小,R = 1时最大。随着OCR的增大,饱和黏土的强度变化减小