˫�����λ����ĸĽ�

???Waldhauser??????????λ????????t?????????????????????????????????飬?????????棬?????????????????????????????1.4 G?????λ??????????????????256 MB????????У????λ??????     

基于渔船AIS数据的南海北部海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征挖掘

高精度渔业捕捞强度数据是开展捕捞限额管理的前提与关键,也是海洋渔业资源可持续发展的重要保障.因此,本文以挖掘海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征为出发点,选用2018年2、4、9和11月典型季节的中国籍6364艘渔船1.8亿条高时空粒度AIS数据.运用专家知识经验、空间统计及数据挖掘分析方法,以广西南岸北部湾渔场、广东沿岸和环海南...     

Analysis of occurrence patterns and biological factors of cetaceans based on long‐term and fine‐scale data from platforms of opportunity: Madeira Island as a case study

Management and conservation issues are addressed through the identification of areas of particular importance, which requires the acquisition of baseline information on species distribution and dynamics. These types of data are particularly difficult to obtain at high resolution for large marine vertebrates like cetaceans, given that dedicated surveys are complex and logistically expensive. This study uses daily presence–absence sighting data of cetaceans collected year‐round from whale‐watching boats to support the theory that fine‐scale data obtained from platforms of opportunity can provide valuable information on species occurrence and group dynamics. Data from 7,551 (daily) sightings comprising 22 species were collected from 3,527 surveyed days over 11 years (mean of 321 days per year, SD = 17) in the pelagic environment of Madeira Island. Cetaceans were observed on 92% of the surveyed days, and a mean of 15.4 (SD = 1.5), 8.2 (SD = 2.0) and 2.1 (SD = 1.2) species were recorded per year, month, and day, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of species per month (p < .001), with the highest diversity recorded in June. At least nine species, comprising 96% of all sightings, were found to use the Madeiran waters on a regular basis, such as the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), and others featured in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Endangered, Vulnerable, and Data Deficient. In addition, 10 species were found to use the Madeiran waters for travelling, feeding, resting, socializing and calving, which suggests that the southern and southeastern waters of Madeira Island constitute an area of interest for cetaceans. This study characterizes the cetaceans’ community structure (occurrence, aggregation sizes, behaviours, proportion of calves, and inter‐specific relationships) of a poorly studied region, providing important information for managers. Finally, the advantages and limitations of using fine‐scale data from a type of platform of opportunity that is increasing along coastlines globally are discussed.     

On the use of the capability polar plots program for dynamic positioning systems for marine vessels

As the capability of polar plots becomes better understood, improved dynamic positioning (DP) systems are possible since the control algorithms greatly depend on the accuracy of the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic models. The measurements and estimation of the environmental disturbances have an important role in the optimal design and selection of a DP system for a marine vessel. The main objective of this work is to present a new software program capable of estimating the environmental forces, thrusters capability calculations, and capability polar plots for marine vessels. A flowchart illustrating the logic and data flow of a developed software program, the Capability Polar Plot Program (CPPP), and the estimated results for two case studies for a scientific drilling vessel and a survey vessel are presented. It is obvious from the obtained results that the developed program has a future potential for the estimation of the Capability Polar Plots for marine vessels. Moreover, the developed software program would be considered as a marine tool for the thrusters' selection and their configuration for marine vessels and floating production units for the Oil and Gas industries.     

城市下垫面覆盖类型变化对热岛效应影响的模拟研究

利用Landsat TM/ETM 卫星影像的热红外数据反演了武汉市的地表温度,定量地分析了1988~2002年武汉市热岛的时空分布;结合遥感手段和误差反向传播神经网络方法,动态地模拟了当汉口地区下垫面覆盖类型变化时的热岛分布情况,重点对绿地增加时热岛的变化作了详细的分析。结果显示,1988~2002年,武汉市城市热岛效应明显增强,绿地面积的增加能缓解局部热岛的范围和强度,绿地面积越大,热岛的缓冲范围越大,缓冲强度亦大。     

A lesson from cyclone Larry: An untold story of the success of good coastal planning

When tropical cyclone Larry crossed the Queensland coast on 20 March 2006, commercial, recreational and naval vessels in the port of Cairns, 60 km north of the eye of the cyclone and others closer to the eye, were protected from the destructive winds by sheltering in deep mangrove creeks in Trinity Inlet and off other coastal rivers. The Trinity Inlet mangroves are protected under the comprehensive multi-use Trinity Inlet Management Plan, agreed by the local and state government agencies (Cairns City Council, the Cairns Port Authority and the Queensland Government). Using this Australian example and one from the town of Palompon in Leyte province, central Philippines, we show how long-term mangrove habitat protection resulting from well-conceived coastal planning can deliver important economic and infrastructure benefits.     

GIS技术在大庆油田动态监测系统建立应用中的探讨

随着我国经济的迅速发展,建立大庆油田动态监测系统成为石油领域的新方向。本文探讨了建立大庆油田动态监测系统中的多元数据采集、系统集成开发、网上发布等问题,提出解决方案并提供了主要解决步骤。     

DGPS组合定位的大型船舶靠泊技术与应用分析

 为了保障大型船舶靠泊操纵工作更加安全、高效,本文介绍了船舶靠泊仪及其发展,分析了大型船舶靠泊过程,研究了DGPS组合定位技术,建立以DGPS组合定位技术的大型船舶靠泊数学模型。在此模型基础之上,建立了船基平面坐标系,并通过此坐标系计算船舶靠泊时船首、 船尾相对码头的距离与速度,船首向与船舶转向率等船舶动态参数。最后,采用DGPS定位组合技术、AIS技术和WIFI技术等设计大型船舶靠泊系统(包括硬件和软件),并通过实例验证此靠泊仪的可行性和有效性。实例证明:大型船舶靠泊仪为引航员靠泊操纵时提供高精度的船位信息,船舶移动速度和船舶与码头岸线距离等辅助信息,船舶位置精度可达60cm,速度精度可达5m/s,有效地提高了大型船舶靠泊安全 性和工作效率,为引航员的船舶靠泊工作提供了更加直观、方便、快捷的航行靠泊导航过程。     

一种改进的人工鱼群聚类算法

为了克服K-Means算法对初始类簇中心、噪声点、孤立点敏感缺点,将K-Means算法和人工鱼群算法结合,提出了改进的人工鱼群聚类算法。在该算法中将类簇中心看作一条人工鱼,让每条人工鱼执行随机、觅食、聚群、追尾行为中的一种,并将更新后的位置作为K-Means算法的初始值,不断重复人工鱼的位置更新和K-Means操作,直到算法结束。由于在算法中加入了动态移动步长和全局人最优人工鱼位置,聚类的收敛精度和速度都得到提高。使用iris和glass数据集进行聚类时,与其他算法相比,文中的收敛时间缩短2.6%,精度提高1.36%。     

新型深水系泊基础研究进展

介绍了几种国际上广泛应用于深水锚泊的新型系泊基础（吸力锚、法向承力锚、吸力式贯入锚和动力贯入锚）,并结合国内外的最新研究进展,分别针对吸力锚安装过程中的海床阻力和内部土塞发展、服役阶段的承载力特性,法向承力锚安装时的拖曳轨迹和三维受力状态下的承载力,吸力式贯入锚的“keying”过程,动力贯入锚的最终安装深度和承载力,以及锚泊线与海床的接触问题等当前国际上研究的重点和热点内容进行了简要地评述,旨在通过分析当前新型深水锚在设计、施工以及承载机制等方面的不足,以探索深水系泊基础发展的新趋势