Sediment variability in offshore sampling areas

From two to four different sediment types were found in each of six offshore sampling areas in western Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. The size of the areas ranged from 7.7 km² to 64.6 km², and the average depths ranged from 36 m to 168 m. Sediments may thus vary widely within areas plotted as homogeneous on large‐scale (1:200 000) sediment charts.     

基于时频分析的裂纹转子碰摩故障特征研究

为研究转子系统耦合故障特性,采用有限元方法建立了含有横向裂纹、转静碰摩的非线性转子动力学模型。首先研究了不同转速下裂纹、碰摩单一故障下转子系统的振动响应,其次研究了两种故障耦合情况下系统的振动响应特征。采用波形图、FFT谱图、瞬时频率和Hilbert-Huang时频谱(HHS)相结合的方法对故障转子振动信号进行了分析。分析结果表明:运用多种时频分析相结合的方法可以较为全面地了解转子的故障特征,裂纹转子在1/5、1/3临界转速时会发生较为明显的5X、3X谐波,且裂纹的产生会导致响应幅值增大,从而引起更为严重的碰摩。      

Assessing stocks in data-poor African fisheries: a case study on the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus of Mauritania

The lack of reliable stock assessment for numerous exploited stocks in West Africa often results from poor-quality data, high multi-specificity of captures, and the heterogeneity of exploitation methods. However, many signs of overexploitation exist, particularly for demersal resources, highlighting the urgent need for a more quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of these resources. This study aims to show how, in such a context of poor-quality data and high uncertainty, a multi-method approach for stock assessment can generate a consistent diagnosis of the condition of a resource. As a case study, several methods were combined to assess the stock status of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus, a flagship species in West Africa that is exploited by industrial and small-scale fisheries in Mauritania. These were estimation of abundance indices using delta generalised linear models; a biomass production model using a pseudo-equilibrium method and including an environmental effect of upwelling intensity; a dynamic biomass production model fitted in a Bayesian framework also including an environmental effect; and an age-structured model based on a modified pseudo-cohort analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed for most of these assessment methods. Results show that the white grouper stock is highly overexploited due to an excess in the fishing effort estimated at between 30% and 50%, depending on the model used to estimate the effort at maximum sustainable yield.     

广东高空槽后暴雨的多尺度天气特征及概念模型

2010年5月6—7日广东出现了罕见的高空槽后大暴雨过程。利用华南区域气象观测站、加密自动站和NCEP分析资料等,从大尺度环流背景、天气系统特征和雷达回波特征等方面进行分析,并利用局地经向环流模式和尺度分析技术诊断探讨其可能形成机制。结果表明,南亚高压西移配合高空急流北退为大暴雨的发生提供高层辐散条件。在前倾槽形势下(500 hPa高空槽移出广东、低层切变线和地面冷锋仍在南岭附近),低层暖湿不稳定配合高空槽后干冷空气的下传,对广东上空不稳定能量释放起到增强作用,强降水主要发生在锋区南侧。数值诊断结果进一步表明,激发暴雨过程的主要物理因子为潜热加热和温度平流。潜热加热是暴雨的正贡献和反馈最直接因子,而北方冷空气一方面通过温度平流直接激发广东地区的上升运动,同时通过促进水汽辐合抬升区南移并释放潜热,是暴雨过程的重要触发机制。此外,空间滤波分析表明,弱冷空气越过南岭后扩散南下和形成的中小尺度天气系统对强降水落区和增幅起关键作用,暴雨业务预报对此类弱冷空气在地形作用下扩散南下的影响需要更加关注。     

上海世博园风廓线雷达TWP3发射机控制系统设计与实现

介绍坐落在上海世博园内TWP3边界层风廓线雷达系统发射机控制系统设计思路及其功能特点。控制系统基于FPGA和单片机的程序控制实现手段。系统功能包括状态监控、射频通路控制、故障诊断定位、自动保护和自修复。发射机的各个监控量会在本机液晶屏幕显示以便用户的使用和观察,同时将重要的参数上传等。该控制系统自身监控功能的完善,对于发射机本身的调试以及在整个雷达系统的联合调试测量中都起到了至关重要的辅助作用。     

CT静脉造影对下肢深静脉血栓诊断的进展

肺栓塞是临床工作中经常遇到的急诊病例,而下肢深静脉血栓是肺栓塞栓子的最主要来源.许多临床科研工作者把肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓作为一个整体来研究,本文重点综述CT静脉造影对下肢深静脉血栓诊断的进展.     

变化环境下降雨集中度的变异与驱动力探究

降雨的时空分布过于集中会诱发洪旱灾害。研究降雨集中度的变异及其驱动力有助于全面掌握降雨对变化环境的响应特征,为区域水资源的综合利用与灾害预警提供依据。以汉江流域为研究对象,选取月降雨集中度指数(CIM)和日降雨集中度指数(CID)表征降雨集中度,并采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法与启发式分割算法对降雨集中度进行变异分析,利用交叉小波变换探究太阳黑子与大气环流异常因子对降雨集中度变化的影响。结果表明:①汉江流域CIM北大南小,呈不显著的下降趋势;CID东大西小,在6个站呈显著上升趋势;②流域部分站点CID发生突变,而CIM序列较为平稳,表明CID相比CIM对变化环境的响应更为敏感;③太阳黑子和大气环流异常因子对降雨集中度的变化有较强的影响,其中太阳黑子的影响最大,它通过影响大气环流异常因子间接影响汉江流域的降雨集中度。     

用T42产品试作安徽12-36小时暴雨预报

采用逐步回归和三级判别方案，以Ｔ４２４８小时预报资料代替实况诊断量作汛期安徽分区暴雨预报。通过１９９３年和１９９４年试验结果表明：（１）两方案预报暴雨的ＣＳＩ评分为０．３０—０．７１，对省级分区暴雨预报有一定的参考价值；（２）逐步回归方案的预报效果优于三级判别；（３）丰梅年Ｔ４２模式的预报效果好干枯梅年。     

ENERGETIC DIAGNOSIS FOR TWO KINDS OF LOW LEVEL JETS

On the basis of the budget equations for K_R and K_D, this paper presents the horizontal pattern of budget terms for two kinds of low level jets (LLJ) with and without heavy rain. The results show that the mechanisms for generating and maintaining LLJ are different, and especially, the direction of energy conversion is opposite. A positive conversion from K_D to K_R appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition in the lower troposphere near the heavy rain area. The intensity and direction of energy conversion depends not only on the relative position of vorticity and divergence field, but also on the vertical profile of the jets directly.     

单发性脑转移瘤的CT诊断

笔者收集２９例经ＣＴ诊断单发性脑内转移瘤，其中经手术病理证实的２３例，通过对２９个单发病灶的ＣＴ表现进行分析，着重讨论该病灶的出现位置，并对其原因进行了探讨性分析，旨在进一步提高对颅内单发病灶的诊断水平。