运用RS、GPS和GIS技术进行大比例尺土地利用动态监测的实验研究

土地利用数据的更新是土地管理工作的重要内容之一。依靠常规的手段不仅更新速度慢、难以主动发现变化区域,而且成图周期长、误差大。依靠遥感（RS）手段可以主动快速地发现变化区域,运用差分GPS技术可以精确获取土地利用变化的数量和性质,GIS则是管理土地利用的图形数据和属性数据（如土地利用类型、权属、图斑号等）的有效工具。基于RS、GIS和GPS的集成技术建立面向工程目标的土地利用动态监测新方法是本文研究的内容。     

Observations of Dynamic Turbulence in the Lower Stratosphere over Inner Mongolia Using a High-resolution Balloon Sensor Constant Temperature Anemometer

We present characterizations of the dynamic turbulence in the lower stratosphere measured by a new balloon-based system designed for detecting finer scale dynamic turbulence. The balloon-based system included a constant temperature anemometer(CTA) operating at a sampling rate of 2 k Hz at an ascent speed of 5 m s^-1(corresponding to a vertical resolution of 2.5 mm), an industrial personal computer, batteries, sensors for ambient temperature and humidity, an A/D converter, and others. The system was successfully launched to 24 km altitude over Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Province. Results show the spatial intermittence of the turbulence layers, with clear boundaries between turbulent and nonturbulent regions. This is the first time that the dynamic turbulence spectrum down to the viscous sub-range has been obtained throughout the lower stratosphere over China. With that, the energy dissipation rates of dynamic turbulence could be calculated with high precision. The profile of the dissipation rates varied from 7.37 × 10^-7 to 4.23 W kg^-1 and increased with altitude in the stratosphere.     

琼州海峡南岸海岸动力地貌研究

岬湾相间的琼州海峡南岸在海岸动力条件作用下,岸滩发生侵蚀或堆积,特别是南岸中部的南渡江三角洲沿岸岸滩演变剧烈。该文从海岸动力地貌的角度,对琼州海峡南岸的海岸动力特征、泥沙运动以及岸滩演变进行分析。根据海峡南部三维潮流场数值模拟结果,结合经验公式初步分析潮流引起的泥沙运移速率和方向,得到岸外水域总的泥沙运移趋势为从西向东。根据波浪动力计算分析沿岸泥沙运移,探讨沙质岸滩的动态与地貌演变之间的关系,得出海峡南岸海岸地貌演变与盛行的NE和NNE向风浪有密切关系,岸滩的演变过程主要受制于这两个方向的风浪及其引起的泥沙沿岸运移。     

Numerical Simulation of Abnormal Wave Height Change Induced by Excavated Waterway with Boussinesq Equation

A nonlinear numerical model has been set up by use of Boussinesq Equation with finite differ-ence method,and has been applied to the simulation of the abnormal change of wave height induced by ex-cavated waterway.Numerical results demonstrate that the abnormal change of wave height is due to theadding of the reflected wave height induced by excavated waterway to the incident wave height.Becausethe angle between the incident wave and the axis of the waterway is smaller than the critical angle,the re-flected wave produced by the waterway may propagate to the breakwater and may be added with the inci-dent wave,then the abnormal change of wave height before the breakwater may be caused.So the wave re-flection caused by the change of water depth cannot be neglected.     

长江中下游成矿带三维S波速度结构及对深部过程的约束

利用73个固定台站记录的163个远震事件数据,采用多道互相关技术挑选了5524条S波到时数据,并对S波到时数据进行地壳校正,在此基础上采用天然地震层析成像方法和远震S波到时信息,获得了长江中下游成矿带上地幔的三维S波速度结构模型.研究结果表明:(1)研究区域上地幔存在着明显的低速异常,且走向与成矿带相同,可能为上涌的软流圈热物质;(2)研究区域地幔过渡带和上地幔底部存在着明显的高速异常,可能为俯冲的古太平洋板块和拆沉的岩石圈;(3)成矿带上地幔的低速异常呈现由南向北逐渐变浅的空间分布特征,该特征表明软流圈热物质由南向北上涌.综合分析认为,成矿带中生代大规模岩浆活动和成矿作用的深部过程主要与岩石圈的拆沉密切相关.     

Nomogram for the Height of the Daytime Mixed Layer

A method to construct a nomogram of the daytime mixed-layer-height evolution is presented. The nomogram will be specific for a given location and land surface type and is intended to be an easy tool to achieve a general understanding of mixed-layer behaviour. Also it is a pedagogical graphical one-pager that displays the bulk of data that controls the evolution of the mixed layer. Nomograms from northern, central and southern Europe are presented and discussed. Comparison with data from two sites shows good agreement although the nomograms overestimated the mixing height when it was low.     

用神经网络方法确定测区似大地水准面

本文提出一种用神经网络确定测区似大地水准面的方法,并给出了相应的神经网络结构和算法。研究了一个测区中用该方法确定的似大地水准面的精度,结果表明用该方法确定的似大地水准面的精度为厘米级,并与二次多项式曲面拟合似大地水准面的方法作了比较,神经网络方法的精度较优。     

青藏高原隆升作用于大气临界高度的数值研究

利用Ｐ－σ混合坐标系全球大气环流模式研究了青藏高原隆升作用于大气临界高度问题,通过对数值试验结果的分析进一步证实了在高原隆升的过程中存在着一个临界高度,这个高度在夏季约为１５００～２０００ｍ。当高原总体平均高度超过临界高度后,高原周围地区的气流主要以绕流为主,爬坡气流的速度较小,稳定的高原季风开始形成,高原地区范围内为强大的上升运动区,高原南侧和中国东部地区出现一条明显的雨带,随着高原隆升高度的增高,雨带内的降水量逐渐增加,同时高原西侧附近地区形成一个稳定的感热通量大值带     

降雨年际气候变化的非线性动力统计模拟预测

文中应用非线性动力统计方法来模拟降水年际气候变化。经过对中国４２ 个测点近百年降雨变化的模拟预测检验,取得了较好的效果,并得出了一些有意义的结论。关键词：非线性,动力统计,模拟预测。     

Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of an Underground Excavation in Jointed Rock under Repeated Seismic Loading

Results from field observations of dynamic behaviour of an underground excavation have been compared with numerical studies of the rock deformation history. The field behaviour shows progressive accumulation of rock displacement and excavation deformation under successive episodes of dynamic loading. It is possible to reproduce the modes of rock response quite well using a Distinct Element model of the rock mass, but the way displacements develop is dependent on the joint model used in the analysis. It is suggested that, in rock masses subject to repeated dynamic loading, excavation design may need to take account of the prospect of repeated episodes of transient loading at the excavation site.