花岗岩类岩浆生成及侵位过程中的构造控制作用

花岗质岩浆的生成、分异过程不仅与物理-化学条件有关,而且受控于区域构造。花岗质岩浆的上升、侵位机制除取决于岩浆与围岩的流变性质外,也受构造环境的制约。本文主要讨论花岗岩类岩浆在不同构造环境下对岩浆侵位方式的控制机理,并提出在一个完整的岩浆演化序列中,受构造活动影响发生侵位方式改变的可能性。     

桐柏山南坡的韧性走滑剪切构造

桐柏山南坡的韧性走滑剪切构造是大陆内部造山带在剪切体制下的典型构造之一,以多期韧性再造的叠置为特征。文中详述了它们的几何学特征、走滑剪切应变带内岩石的变形特点,并依据地质标志分析了它们的运动学方向,对它们的流变学意义及其在桐柏造山带构造演化中的作用作了初步探讨。     

内蒙古固阳下湿壕-武川酒馆韧性剪切带的大地构造意义探讨

固阳-武川韧性剪切带的大地构造意义及金的含矿性一直倍受科研和勘查部门的关注,许多学者曾从不同角度或以不同研究方法对其进行过论述。作者通过附近部分地区的详细地质填图研究,对其大地构造意义赋予新的内涵,认为该剪切带是相互分离的两个古陆块在晚太古代末一早元古代初碰撞拼贴的基础上,经早元古代中晚期近东西向左旋剪切改造的接触界线,色尔腾山岩群和乌拉山岩群是晚太古代不同大地构造环境的产物。     

Multi-Layered Low-Angle Ductile Detachment System in Dabie-Sulu UHPM and HPM Belts,China

INTRODUCTIoNTheDabie-Suluregion,Chinahasbeenrecognizedasthelargestultrahigh-pressuremetamorphic(UHPM)(peakp>2.7GPa)andHPMbeltsintheworld,andattractedexten-siveinterestfrominternationalgeoscientists.AwealthofpublicationsexistsabouttheoccurrenceofUHPMindexmin-erals,thegeochronology,metamorphicPTpaths,andthelarge-scaleconceptualtectonicevolutionofUHPMandhigh-pressuremetamorphic(HPM)rocksintheDabie-Suluregion.Morerecentoverviewsaregiven'byErnstetal.(1995),Liouetal.(l996),andHackere…     

Petrology of gedrite-bearing rocks in mid-crustal ductile shear zones from the Eastern Ghats Belt, India

A suite of metapelitic, basic and quartzofeldspathic rocks intruded by enderbitic gneiss from the southernmost tip of the Eastern Ghats Belt, India, and metamorphosed at c. 750–800  °C, 6  kbar, were subjected to repeated ductile shear deformation, hydration, cooling and accompanying alkali metasomatism along narrow shear zones. Gedrite-bearing assemblages developed in the shear zones traversing metapelitic rocks. Interpretation of the reaction textures in an appropriate P–T  grid in the system FMASH, an isothermal–isobaric μ _H2O– μ _Na2O grid in the system NFMASH, and geothermobarometric data suggest a complex evolutionary history for the gedrite-bearing parageneses. Initially, gedrite-bearing assemblages were produced due to increase in μ _Na2O at nearly constant but high μ _H2O accompanying cooling. Gedrite was partially destabilized to orthopyroxene+albite due to progressively increasing μ _Na2O. During further cooling and at increased μ _H2O a second generation of gedrite appeared in the rocks.     

南海西南海盆的岩石圈张裂模式探讨

南海西南海盆的西北边缘和东南边缘在地形地貌上不对称,在地质构造特征上东南边缘为上板块边缘,西北边缘为下板块边缘,它们为一对共轭边缘。新生代张性构造运动和海底扩张活动中,上地壳呈脆性,发生过脆性变形,产生了一系列倾斜正断裂及一系列断块,断块沿断层面转动,在地表出现一系列半地堑,在拉张应力的进一步作用下,上地壳沿断层面被拉开;下地壳呈塑性,发生塑性变形,最后以瓶颈方式被拉断。由此可见,在张性应力场作用下,岩石圈的变形方式是分层而异的：上地壳以简单剪切方式变形,下地壳以纯剪切方式变形。因此,整个岩石圈的变形方式是分层变形的     

Strength and deformation behavior of the Shimanto accretionary complex across the Nobeoka thrust

A rapid reduction in sediment porosity from 60 to 70 % at seafloor to less than 10 % at several kilometers depth can play an important role in deformation and seismicity in the shallow portion of subduction zones. We conducted deformation experiments on rocks from an ancient accretionary complex, the Shimanto Belt, across the Nobeoka Thrust to understand the deformation behaviors of rocks along plate boundary faults at seismogenic depth. Our experimental results for phyllites in the hanging wall and shale‐tuff mélanges in the footwall of the Nobeoka Thrust indicate that the Shimanto Belt rocks fail brittlely accompanied by a stress drop at effective pressures < 80 MPa, whereas they exhibit strain hardening at higher effective pressures. The transition from brittle to ductile behavior in the shale–tuff mélanges lies on the same trend in effective stress–porosity space as that for clay‐rich and tuffaceous sediments subducting into the modern Nankai subduction zone. Both the absolute yield strength and the effective pressure at the brittle–ductile transition for the phyllosilicate‐rich materials are much lower than for sandstones. These results suggest that as the clay‐rich or tuffaceous sediments subduct and their porosities are reduced, their deformation behavior gradually transitions from ductile to brittle and their yield strength increases. Our results also suggest that samples of the ancient Shimanto accretionary prism can serve as an analog for underthrust rocks at seismogenic depth in the modern Nankai Trough.     

The evolution of brittle and ductile structures at the surface of a partly debris-covered,rapidly thinning and slowly moving glacier in 1998–2012 (Pasterze Glacier,Austria)

Many glaciers in alpine regions are currently rapidly receding and thinning at historically unobserved rates causing changes in the velocity field and in normal and shear stresses affecting the surface expression of structures within the ice. We studied the distribution of brittle and ductile structures at the surface of Pasterze Glacier during a 14-year period by analysing orthophotos and digital elevation models of five stages (1998, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012). A structural glaciological mapping key was applied. Normal faults, strike-slip faults, en échelon structures (systematic stepping of fractures), thrust faults, and band ogives were distinguished. Results indicate substantial deceleration and glacier thinning in 1998–2012. Glacier thinning was not homogenous over time related to the uneven distribution of supraglacial debris causing differential ablation or the selective ablation effects of subglacial water channels. Peculiar supraglacial features observed are circular collapse structures with concentric crevasses which form when the ice between the surface and the roof of water channels decreases. The total length of brittle structures increased from 38.4 km to 56.9 km whereas the extent of the glacier tongue decreased by 25%. The fracture density doubled from 0.009 to 0.018 m/m². Areas of the glacier tongue which were up to 100 m away from the nearest brittle structure increased by 16%. The visual appearance of thrust faults shifted upglacier due to decreasing glacier velocity causing horizontal shortening or due to exhumation of faults that did not previously extend to the surface. A large number of brittle structures are progressively independent from glacier motion. Our study suggests that glacier tongues which are in a state of rapid decay and thinning are prone to fracturing due to normal fault formation and glacier disintegration. Water further increases ablation rates substantially if rather large amounts drain through supra-, en- or subglacial water channels. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

四川冕宁缅萨洼金矿地质特征及成因浅析

矿区位于康滇台隆与盐源一丽江台缘坳陷分界断裂带上。主要控矿构造为S-N向断裂带;矿(化)体形态、产状严格受糜棱岩化控制;主要矿石类型有“石英脉型”和“蚀变岩型”两类硫化物金矿石。成矿物质主要来源于绿片岩,矿化与韧性剪切带密切相关。     

东昆仑南缘韧性剪切带变形特征及其形成时代的限定

中生代巴彦喀拉-松潘甘孜地体向东昆仑地体斜向俯冲,在东昆仑南缘形成一条巨型的韧性剪切带。剪切带中发育的旋转碎斑、书斜构造、解理阶步、云母鱼、S-C组构、不对称褶皱、雁列脉等宏微观构造,显示剪切带兼具右行和左行的特征,且右行早于左行剪切,但总体以左行剪切为主。对西大滩糜棱岩化花岗岩和小南川未变形花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年,西大滩岩体侵位于199.3±2.2Ma,小南川岩体形成于196.4±1.3Ma。西大滩与小南川岩体中的锆石为典型的岩浆锆石,其年龄代表了岩体侵位的时代。鉴于2个岩体的变形程度完全不同,东昆仑南缘在199~196Ma之间发生了左行韧性剪切。