Benthic foraminifera of the Holocene transgressive west-central Florida inner shelf: paleoenvironmental implications

The sedimentology, stratigraphic position, and benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of early- to mid-Holocene deposits from the west-central Florida shelf suggest that barrier islands developed along this coast as early as 8.3 ka, in an environment that was more arid than today. Predominant foraminifera of three paralic sedimentary facies deposited between 5.3 and 8.3 ka include miliolids, Elphidium spp., and Ammonia spp., all of which are common in back-barrier environments. Foraminiferal assemblages also suggest that early back-barrier sediments were deposited in a hypersaline environment, similar to that of the arid Laguna Madre of the western Gulf of Mexico. Modern back-barrier foraminifera in the Tampa Bay region are indicative of the humid subtropical climate of today. Thus, the climate of west-central Florida at approximately 8 ka was more arid than today, which is consistent with recent studies showing that climate in the Gulf of Mexico was dryer and cooler during this time period.     

Applicability of sediment transport models to evaluate medium term evolution of tidal inlet systems

This paper derives local formulae to estimate bed roughness and suspended transport and present a method to calculate net sediment transport at tidal inlet systems, combining field data and a range of well established empirical formulations. To accomplish this, measurements spanning a spring-tidal cycle of mean water levels, waves, near-bed flow turbulence and bed forms were obtained from the Ancão Inlet, Ria Formosa lagoon system, Portugal. High-resolution hydrodynamic data were gathered using acoustic equipments and by measuring sediment properties (grain-size diameter and bed form dimensions) under fair-weather conditions. The results compared favourably with available direct and indirect field observations of sediment transport rates. The approach appears to be robust and widely applicable and so can be applied to the same conditions in any tidal inlet system. This is of particular importance when attempting to understand sediment transport at inlet mouths, and has practical applications in a range of coastal engineering and coastal management areas concerned with navigation safety, coastal erosion, ecosystem health and water quality. The study discusses the applicability of the method on evaluating system flushing capacity, giving important insights on multiple inlet evolution, particularly with regard to their persistence through time. The methodological framework can be applied to assess the long-term stability of single- and multiple-inlet systems, provided that estimates of sediment storage at ebb-tidal deltas are available and sediment transport estimates during storm events are statistically considered.     

河南新郑枣区土壤地球化学研究

对比研究了地球化学景观环境、第四系、成土母质和土壤等的地球化学特征与新郑枣品质和产量的关系。研究表明,覆砂的岗丘是优质新郑枣适生的地球化学环境。典型的地质背景、第四系沉积物组构、成土母质和土壤等综合生态地球化学要素影响了新郑枣的品质和产量。区内中上更新统中发育古土壤层,是枣树生产期有益元素聚集的地球化学障和潜藏的有益元素的地球化学库,在某种程度上决定了枣的品质和产量。本区土壤和土体中多种有益营养元素含量偏低,处于缺乏状态。     

Overview of In-Situ Biodegradation and Enhancement

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｂｙｎａｔｕｒａｌａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎ (ＲＮＡ)ｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｎｇｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｍｉ ｎａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｆｕｅｌｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ ,ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ｔｏｌｕｅｎｅ ,ｅｔｈｙｌｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ ,ａｎｄｘｙｌｅｎｅ (ＢＴＥＸ)ｅｔｃ .(Ｊｅｆ ｆｒｅｙ ,2 0 0 1) .ＢｕｔｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｃｅｒｔａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｗｈｉｃｈＲＮＡｉｓｉｎａｄｅｑｕａｔｅ…     

Holocene evolution of a rock‐bounded barrier‐lagoon system,Cíes Islands,northwest Iberia

Coastal geomorphology results from the combined effects of contemporary dynamics, sea‐level rise and the inherited geological framework, yet the relative importance of these driving mechanisms may change throughout the evolutionary history of coastal deposits. In this contribution, we analyse the depositional history of the Cíes Islands barrier‐lagoon system, based on lithofacies, radiocarbon ages, and pollen analysis. Our results reveal a sedimentary sequence that provides evidence for striking changes in the dynamical functioning of this complex since the mid‐Holocene. The sedimentary sequence commenced about 7700 cal years bp by fresh‐water ponding of an upland depression located about 4 m below present mean sea‐level. Fresh‐water ponds were infilled by aeolian sediments following a gradual lowering of the water‐table 4000 cal years bp . Post‐3600 cal years bp sea‐level rise allowed water oscillations to reach the elevation of the bedrock causing the inundation of fresh‐water ponds and subsequent lagoonal and marine sedimentation. Subsequently, landward and upward migration of a sand‐barrier led to overwash and deposition of sand in the newly formed lagoon. The resultant sedimentary sequence suggests that climatic conditions played an important role controlling the sedimentation regime during the entire history of the basin; changing water‐table levels during early stages of evolution and increasing storminess during more recent times. In addition, background sea‐level rise related to the Holocene transgression was a key factor in controlling the evolution of the system, yet its influence depended to an extent on the relative elevation of the bedrock topography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁总场梯度数据三维反演方法及应用

磁总场三方位梯度数据相对于总场数据包含更丰富的异常信息,将梯度数据应用于三维磁化率反演中,可以更准确地描述异常体。本文采用最小模型结构反演方法进行三维磁化率反演成像,并采用对数障碍法对磁化率的反演取值范围进行约束。通过模型试验,对磁总场异常数据及其三轴梯度数据进行单独反演、联合反演,结果表明三轴梯度联合反演结果可以更好地刻画异常体形态,更有效地分辨邻近异常体,反演物性更合乎实际。将此反演技术应用于大冶铁矿高精度航磁数据反演解释,取得了较好的应用效果。     

An analytical model for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound diffusion through landfill composite covers

One‐dimensional mathematical models for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion through composite cover barriers are presented. An analytical solution to the model was obtained by the method of separation of variables. The results obtained by the proposed solution agree well with those obtained by a numerical analysis. Based on the proposed analytical model, the VOC breakthrough curves of five different composite covers are compared. The effects of degree of saturation of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or compacted clay liner (CCL) on VOC migration in the composite covers are then presented. Results show that the composite cover barriers provide much better diffusion barriers for VOC than the single CCL. The top surface steady‐state flux for a composite barrier, consisting of a 1.5 mm geomembrane (GM) and a 20 cm CCL, can be 8.3 times lower than that for a 30 cm CCL. The surface steady‐state flux for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 6 mm GCL) was found to be 2.3 times lower than that for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 20 cm CCL). The degree of saturation S_r of the CCL has a great influence on VOC migration in composite covers when S_r is larger than 0.5. The steady‐state flux at the surface of GM for the case with S_r = 0.7 can be 1.8 times lower than that for the case with S_r = 0.2. The proposed analytical model is relatively simple and can be used for verification of complicated numerical models, analysis of experimental data and performance assessment of composite cover barriers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

填充沟屏障远场被动隔振三维分析

把填充沟看作存在于弹性半空间的异质体,运用瑞利波散射的积分方程,对填充沟连续屏障远场被动隔振进行了三维分析,详细讨论了影响隔振效果的几个主要参数。研究表明,刚性材料比柔性材料具有更好的隔振效果,在隔振设计时应选择刚性屏障材料;填充沟的深度在一倍瑞利波波长内对隔振效果有较大影响,并且与宽度一起决定其隔振效果,但当屏障深度超过一倍瑞利波波长后,屏障深度对隔振效果的影响很小。     

Coupled hydro-geochemical modelling of a permeable reactive barrier for treating acidic groundwater

This study focuses on coupling geochemistry with geo-hydraulics to enable time-dependent modelling of the remediation of acidic groundwater using an alkaline permeable reactive barrier (PRB). Chemical clogging due to secondary mineral precipitates reduces the porosity and hydraulic conductivity of the reactive medium. The governing equations are incorporated into commercial numerical codes, MODFLOW and RT3D. An original algorithm was developed for RT3D to simulate geochemical reactions occurring in the PRB. The results and the model predictions are in agreement, confirming that the hydraulic conductivity reduction due to mineral precipitation occurs at the start of permeation and continues until halfway through the testing phase.     

THM analysis of a large‐scale heating test incorporating material fabric changes

Engineered barriers are basic elements in the design of repositories for the isolation of high‐level radioactive waste. This paper presents the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) analysis of a clay barrier subjected to heating and hydration. The study focuses on an ongoing large‐scale heating test, at almost full scale, which is being carried out at the CIEMAT laboratory under well‐controlled boundary conditions. The test is intensely instrumented and it has provided the opportunity to study in detail the evolution of the main THM variables over a long period of time. Comprehensive laboratory tests carried out in the context of the FEBEX and NF‐PRO projects have allowed the identification of the model parameters to describe the THM behaviour of the compacted expansive clay. A conventional THM approach that assumes the swelling clay as a single porosity medium has been initially adopted to analyse the evolution of the test. The model was able to predict correctly the global THM behaviour of the clay barrier in the short term (i.e. for times shorter than three years), but some model limitations were detected concerning the prediction of the long‐term hydration rate. An additional analysis of the test has been carried out using a double structure model to describe the actual behaviour of expansive clays. The double structure model explicitly considers the two dominant pore levels that actually exist in the FEBEX bentonite and it is able to account for the evolution of the material fabric. The simulation of the experiment using this enhanced model provides a more satisfactory reproduction of the long‐term experimental results. It also contributes to a better understanding of the observed test behaviour and it provides a physically based explanation for the very slow hydration of the barrier. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.