基于车载LiDAR点云的地物分类方法的研究

基于点云分类常用的近邻聚类法和物体表面分割等方法,本文提出了一种基于最大网格密度的近邻聚类的方法。该方法首先对原始点云进行低点提取,设置格网的大小,在此基础上对点云数据进行去噪并进行主成分分析,再对点云空间进行均匀格网化,使具有最大密度的格网为聚类中心,加入高程、强度以及法向量等特征对分割后的点云实现了不同地物的分类,提高了运算效率,降低了错分率。     

雅鲁藏布江中部流域沙地植被的分类和排序

选用模糊聚类分析方法,利用群落组种的相对盖度作为优势度指标,将该区沙地植被划分为22个群系,群系下又划分出了不同的群丛。同时,采用主分量分析(PCA)模型,对10个常见的群落类型进行了二维排序,比较直观和真实地反映了不同群落类型在土壤砾石化程度和土壤潜在肥力2个环境梯度上的分布情况。     

Elastic response of catamaran wetdeck to liquid impact

The impact of an elastic plate onto the compressible fluid without free surface deformation is considered. The ability of the liquid volume to be deformed is geometrically limited which leads to severe impact conditions. The present analysis is focused on the stresses in the plate and the hydrodynamic loads under the impact. The motivation for this research comes from ship hydrodynamics, where the hulls of a catamaran restrict the liquid outflow and the water impacts onto the wetdeck. The influence of the air on the impact process is investigated. The analysis did not reveal any great advantage of utilizing the air-cushion effect or ejection of air into the water near the impact region to prevent high stresses in the elastic plate. It was found that in the problem considered, the stress peaks far from the plate centre and the one-mode approximation does not provide correct information about the stress level.     

卫星遥感结合地面观测估算非均匀地表区域能量通量

卫星遥感在研究非均匀陆面上地－气间能量和水循环过程时有其独到的作用。文中介绍了一种利用ＬＡＮＤＳＡＴＴＭ资料进行非均匀陆面上区域能量平衡研究的参数化方案。并以夏季和深秋两个景的ＴＭ资料为个例,结合“黑河实验”（ＨＥＩＦＥ）期间的地面观测资料分析了实验区非均匀陆面上地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的区域分布及季节差异,同时将所得的结果与地面观测的“真值”作了比较,所得的这些结果是基本可信的。这种方法仍然处于发展的初始阶段,对此也进行了讨论。     

联系参数函数不独立扩建网极大验后估计的方差分量估计公式

扩建网极大验后估计模型蕴含联系参数X2和扩建网观测量L2两个方差分量。将联系参数分解成函数不独立部分和函数独立部分,根据限制条件求出函数不独立部分代入扩建网观测方程消去不独立部分联系参数,推导了联系参数函数不独立扩建网极大验后估计的Helmert型、Welsch型和Forstner型方差分量估计。     

云南暴雨涡散场动能转换函数的动态分析

对1996年云南主汛期（6－8月）逐日散度风动能和旋转风动能之间的转换函数C（KD,KR）特征进行深入研究,同时分析了C（KD,KR）各项Af、Az、B、C在动能转换函数中所起的作用。研究结果表明,对流层内C（KD,KR）＞0,同时对流层低层的C（K,KR）＞中高层的C（KD,KR）之和．极易出现暴雨过程;Af项在整个动能转换中起主要作用,71％的Af与C（KD,KR）具有相同的符号,Az项和B项在动能转换中起振荡作用,Az＋B控制着29％的动能转换方向。     

低管电压与低对比剂量在肝脏CT增强中的应用

目的:探讨低管电压(110kVp)与低对比剂量(1.0mL/kg)在肝脏CT增强扫描中的可行性。方法:116例行肝脏CT增强扫描,且BMI<25kg/m2的患者,随机分成A、B两组进行研究,每组58例。A组:管电压110kVp,对比剂碘帕醇(300mgI/mL),对比剂量(1.0mL/kg),采用正弦迭代重建(SAFIRE)。B组:管电压130kVp,对比剂碘帕醇(300mgI/mL),对比剂量(1.2mL/kg),采用滤波反投影重建算法(FBP)。测量动脉期腹主动脉CT值、肝门脉期门静脉CT值及增强扫描3期(动脉期、门脉期、延迟期)的肝右叶肝实质CT值;计算两组图像的肝动脉期对比噪声比(CNR)、信噪比(SNR)及总有效辐射剂量ED;并对两组图像进行评分,进行统计学分析。结果:A组和B组CNR、SNR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组分别在增强扫描3期测得肝右叶肝实质CT值及动脉期腹主动脉CT值差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝门脉期A组的门静脉CT值低于B组统计学差异有意义(P<0.05)。A组的3期总有效辐射剂量(ED)(9.88±3.56)mSv低于B组(13.91±4.71)mSv,统计学差异有显著意义(P<0.001);A组比B组的对比剂量减少17%。结论:128层MSCT在肝脏增强CT扫描中,应用低管电压(110kVp)和低对比剂量(1.0mL/kg),联合迭代重建技术(SAFIRE),可以得到较好的图像质量,同时降低辐射剂量及人体碘摄入量。      

Comparison of two rainfall–runoff models: effects of conceptualization on water budget components

Rainfall–runoff models with different conceptual structures for the hydrological processes can be calibrated to effectively reproduce the hydrographs of the total runoff, while resulting in water budget components that are essentially different. This finding poses an open question on the reliability of rainfall–runoff models in reproducing hydrological components other than those used for calibration. In an effort to address this question, we use data from the Glafkos catchment in western Greece to calibrate and compare the ENNS model, a research-oriented lumped model developed for the river Enns in Austria developed for the river Enns in Austria, with the operational MIKE SHE model. Model performance is assessed in the light of the conceptual/structural differences of the modelled hydrological processes, using indices calculated independently for each year, rather than for the whole calibration period, since the former are stricter. We show that even small differences in the representation of hydrological processes may impact considerably on the water budget components that are not measured (i.e. not used for model calibration). From all water budget components, direct runoff exhibits the highest sensitivity to structural differences and related model parameters.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman

ASSOCIATE EDITOR S. Huang     

Shake table investigation on the seismic performance of hospital equipment supported on wheels/casters

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the seismic response of medical equipment supported on wheels and/or casters. Two pieces of equipment were tested: a large ultrasound machine and a cart carrying smaller medical equipment. In the first phase, the resistance of the wheels and casters of the equipment was characterized through a controlled‐displacement procedure on the shake table. In the second phase, an extensive shake table test program was carried out to investigate the seismic response of the equipment. The input signals for the shake table tests included floor motions of a four‐story steel braced‐frame hospital designed to satisfy seismic requirements of a site in the Los Angeles area. The results of 96 shake table tests reported in this study include the seismic performance of the equipment under both unlocked and locked conditions, located on various floor levels of the building. It was observed that engaging the casters' locking mechanism does not necessarily decrease the relative displacement. The displacement response was sensitive to the excitation intensity and the orientation of the equipment with respect to the input excitation. Based on the experimental observations, appropriate structural engineering demand parameters associated with the relative displacement and relative velocity demands of the equipment are proposed and used to develop conditional probability curves. Finally, in an effort to extend the results of this experimental study to similar equipment on wheels/casters, the performance of a simple numerical model in predicting the peak seismic demands is evaluated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of ASCE 7 equations for designing acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components using data from instrumented buildings

This study uses instrumented buildings and models of code‐based designed buildings to validate the results of previous studies that highlighted the need to revise the ASCE 7 F_p equation for designing nonstructural components (NSCs) through utilizing oversimplified linear and nonlinear models. The evaluation of floor response spectra of a large number of instrumented buildings illustrates that, unlike the ASCE 7 approach, the in‐structure and the component amplification factors are a function of the ratio of NSC period to the supporting building modal periods, the ground motion intensity, and the NSC location. It is also shown that the recorded ground motions at the base of instrumented buildings in most cases are significantly lower than design earthquake (DE) ground motions. Because ASCE 7 is meant to provide demands at a DE level, for a more reliable evaluation of the F_p equation, 2 representative archetype buildings are designed based on the ASCE 7‐16 seismic provisions and exposed to various ground motion intensity levels (including those consistent with the ones experienced by instrumented buildings and the DE). Simulation results of the archetype buildings, consistent with previous numerical studies, illustrate the tendency of the ASCE 7 in‐structure amplification factor, [1 + 2(z/h)] , to significantly overestimate demands at all floor levels and the ASCE 7 limit of to in many cases underestimate the calculated NSC amplification factors. Furthermore, the product of these 2 amplification factors (that represents the normalized peak NSC acceleration) in some cases exceeds the ASCE 7 equation by a factor up to 1.50.