Barotropic local instability and severe storm process

By means of barotropic model, the characteristic and initial value problems are investigated to reveal the local two-dimensional barotropic instability of the nonuniform current to the dynamic mechanism of the formation of the Yangtze-Huaihe River severe storm in July 1991. Analytical theory and numerical experiment show that (i) the unstable developing modes are chiefly the two periods of about 44 d and 10 d, which are fundamentally consistent with that of the precipitation change of the Yangtze-Huaihe River. (ii) The growth rate of the local perturbation is dominated by the meridional wave numbern = 1–5 and zonal wave numberk = 1–12, i.e. the severe storm over the Yangtze-Huaihe River results from the interaction of the systems at different latitudes and waves of different scales, (iii) The perturbation over the Yangtze-Huaihe River possesses the property of local intensification, which slowly migrates westward over the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze-Huaihe River. (iv) The growth rate of the instability, especially the propagation velocity of the perturbation, is sensitive to the external parameters ū and α. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

The Development of a Nonhydrostatic Global Spectral Model

With the development of numerical weather prediction technology,the traditional global hydrostatic models used in many countries of the world for operational weather forecasting and numerical simulations of general circulation have become more and more unfit for high-impact weather prediction.To address this,it is important to invest in the development of global nonhydrostatic models.Few existing nonhydrostatic global models use consistently the grid finite difference scheme for the primitive equations of dynamical cores,which can subsequently degrade the accuracy of the calculations.A new nonhydrostatic global spectral model,which utilizes the Eulerian spectral method,is developed here from NCAR Community Atmosphere Model 3.0(CAM3.0).Using Janjic's hydrostatic/nonhydrostatic method,a global nonhydrostatic spectral method for the primitive equations has been formulated and developed.In order to retain the integrity of the nonhydrostatic equations,the atmospheric curvature correction and eccentricity correction are considered. In this paper,the Held-Suarez idealized test and an idealized baroclinic wave test are first carried out,which shows that the nonhydrostatic global spectral model has similar climate states to the results of many other global models for long-term idealized integration,as well as better simulation ability for short-term idealized integration.Then,a real case experiment is conducted using the new dynamical core with the full physical parameterizations of subgrid-scale physical processes.The 10-day numerical integration indicates a decrease in systematic error and a better simulation of zonal wind,temperature,and 500-hPa height.     

利用反射地震资料中的面波研究剖面浅部结构

本研究利用浅层反射地震数据中的面波信息反演提取近地表横波速度结构,取得了较好的效果。该方法在一定程度上可弥补浅部反射资料的缺失,进而提高近地表结构探测的可靠性,同时也实现了对地震资料的充分利用。     

基于岩石物理模型的页岩孔隙结构反演及横波速度预测

准确预测储层的等效孔隙纵横比对页岩储层岩石物理建模及横波速度预测具有重要意义。为分析页岩储层孔隙纵横比及预测横波速度,提出了基于岩石物理模型的页岩孔隙纵横比反演及横波速度预测方法。本文首先通过岩石物理模型建立岩石的纵、横波速度与孔隙纵横比、孔隙度和矿物组分等参数之间的定量关系,寻找最佳孔隙纵横比;然后通过使理论预测与实际测量的纵波速度之间误差达到最小的方式反演孔隙纵横比,并以此为约束预测横波速度。实际测井数据反演结果表明,龙马溪组页岩地层的孔隙纵横比稳定,而围岩的孔隙纵横比变化范围较大;说明与围岩相比,页岩的孔隙结构更为稳定。同时,预测得到的页岩横波速度与实测横波速度的误差较小,另外对于缺少矿物组分资料的页岩层段,用平均矿物组分预测得到的横波速度误差仍较小;说明与矿物组分相比,龙马溪组页岩的纵、横波速度对孔隙纵横比参数更敏感。综上所述,利用该方法可预测到较为准确的等效孔隙纵横比和横波速度。     

不同温压下岩石弹性波速度、衰减及各向异性与组构的关系

结合岩石组构分析 ,阐述了岩石弹性波传播速度和衰减以及它们的各向异性与岩石组构之间的关系。在不同温压条件下对具有很强晶格优选方位的岩石样品的研究表明 ,随着围压的增加 ,波速和Q值均增大 ,但是在相互正交的 3个方向上 (垂直或平行于层理面及线理方向 )增大的速度并不相同 ,这与微裂隙的逐渐闭合密切相关。观测到的波速和Q值的各向异性具有不同的形成机理 ,波速各向异性主要与定向分布的微裂隙和主要矿物的晶格优选方位等构造因素有关 ;高围压下Q值各向异性与速度各向异性正好相反 ,可能是由于定向排列的矿物晶体沿不同方向其边界之间接触程度不同造成的。对岩石组构的研究不仅可以揭示岩体的变形机制、变形的动力学过程及其有关的热力学信息 ,还可以对宏观岩石的各种物理性质 ,尤其是力学特性 ,从微观机理上加以解释。文中特别强调了岩石组构分析对研究岩石物理性质的各向异性具有十分重要的意义。     

微动物探方法探测采空区

采空区探测通常采用瞬变电磁法与地震勘探方法,前者采用人工电场,后者采用人工震源,但二者施工难度大,数据采集也困难.微动探测是从台阵微动记录的垂直分量中提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,再通过对频散曲线的反演估算地下介质S波速度,利用其低速异常解释采空区.以铜川东坡煤矿某区的探测为例,在煤层埋深50m左右、微动探测深度100m的情况下,即解释的采空区与地面电法解释的结果高度一致.     

Evaluation of density in layer compaction using SASW method

SASW test, which is non-intrusive and rapid in the field application, was used to evaluate the layer density in the roller compaction without performing the complicated inversion process. The concept of normalized shear wave velocity was introduced to minimize the effect of confinement in the density evaluation. SASW test was performed to determine the shear wave velocity of the layer, and the free–free resonant column (FF–RC) test was adopted to determine the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and density of the site, which is almost unique independent of confinement. Testing and data reduction procedures of both tests were briefly discussed and an evaluation procedure of the field density was proposed by effectively combining in-situ shear wave velocity determined by the SASW test with the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and the density determined by the FF–RC test. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by performing a field case study at Hoengsung road construction site. Field densities determined by the proposed method matched well with those determined by sand cone tests, showing the potential of applying the proposed method in the field density evaluation.     

基于LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式的海南万宁近海波浪能资源评估

利用1991—2010年的NCEP再分析风场驱动LAGFD-WAM海浪数值模式,通过数值后报方法,对海南万宁近海海域近20年的波浪场进行了逐时数值模拟,数值模拟结果和实测结果对比的一致性良好。在数值后报数据的基础上计算了万宁近海波浪能流密度和能流密度变异系数,并对其年内变化特点、区域分布特征和稳定性进行了分析。万宁近海年均波浪能流密度3—10 k W/m,属于波浪能资源可利用区和较丰富区。年内各月月均能流密度差别较大,12月波浪能资源最好,5月波浪能资源最差。秋季(9—11月)和冬季(12—2月)月均波浪能流密度分别为5—24 k W/m和6—29 k W/m,春季(3—5月)和夏季(6—8月)分别为3—7 k W/m和1—6 k W/m。地形对波浪能量的辐聚作用明显,受岬角、岛屿、海底陡坡等因素影响,大洲岛、白鞍岛周边、大花角附近及白鞍岛以北部分近岸区域形成波浪能富集区。除9月外,年内其他时段能流密度变异系数都在2.8以下,9月能流密度变异系数在3.0—5.9之间。     

The Characteristics of Storm Wave Behavior and Its Effect on Cage Culture Using the ADCIRC+SWAN Model in Houshui Bay,China

The current storm wave hazard assessment tends to rely on a statistical method using wave models and fewer historical data which do not consider the effects of tidal and storm surge.In this paper,the wave-current coupled model ADCIRC+SWAN was used to hindcast storm events in the last 30 years.We simulated storm wave on the basis of a large set of historical storms in the North-West Pacific Basin between 1985 and 2015 in Houshui Bay using the wave-current coupled model ADCIRC+SWAN to obtain the storm wave level maps.The results were used for the statistical analysis of the maximum significant wave heights in Houshui Bay and the behavior of wave associated with storm track.Comparisons made between observations and simulated results during typhoon Rammasun(2014)indicate agreement.In addition,results demonstrate that significant wave height in Houshui Bay is dominated by the storm wind velocity and the storm track.Two groups of synthetic storm tracks were designed to further investigate the worst case of typhoon scenarios.The storm wave analysis method developed for the Houshui Bay is significant in assisting government's decision-making in rational planning of deep sea net-cage culture.The method can be applied to other bays in the Hainan Island as well.     

页岩岩屑高精度波速测量的仪器与方法

压裂改造是页岩气开发的关键技术,岩石的脆性评价是储层可改造性的重要参数之一。实验室中通常利用岩芯柱进行波速测量,获得杨氏模量和泊松比以评价页岩的脆性系数。但规则的页岩岩芯很难获得。为此,利用非规则的页岩岩屑,设计并提出了一套基于脉冲回声法的岩屑高精度波速测量的仪器和方法。分析了影响岩屑波速测量精度的主要因素,引入了新针式高频声波探头和新数字信号分析方法,利用脉冲回声法,通过提高采样率和信噪比、使用自相关的方法来提高精度,形成了一套页岩岩屑高精度波速测量的仪器与方法。同时试验结果也与规则岩芯测量结果进行了对比,证实了此仪器与方法的可靠性。