Effects of temperature and wave conditions on chemical dispersion efficacy of heavy fuel oil in an experimental flow-through wave tank

The effectiveness of chemical dispersants (Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000) on heavy fuel oil (IFO180 as test oil) has been evaluated under different wave conditions in a flow-through wave tank. The dispersant effectiveness was determined by measuring oil concentrations and droplet size distributions. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model indicated that wave type and temperature significantly (p < 0.05) affected the dynamic dispersant effectiveness (DDE). At higher temperatures (16 °C), the test IFO180 was effectively dispersed under breaking waves with a DDE of 90% and 50% for Corexit 9500 and SPC 1000, respectively. The dispersion was ineffective under breaking waves at lower temperature (10 °C), and under regular wave conditions at all temperatures (10-17 °C), with DDE < 15%. Effective chemical dispersion was associated with formation of smaller droplets (with volumetric mean diameters or VMD ? 200 μm), whereas ineffective dispersion produced large oil droplets (with VMD ? 400 μm).     

生物降解型消油剂处理燃料油对黄海胆（Glyptocidaris crenularis）胚胎发育的影响

对比研究了120#燃料油在加入消油剂前后对黄海胆胚胎生长发育的影响。将黄海胆(Glyptocidaris crenularis)胚胎分别暴露于10个不同质量浓度的120#燃料油分散液和经消油剂处理后的乳化液中,对照组为海水空白,单独消油剂海水为内置空白组,暴露30min后,测定随石油烃剂量的变化与暴露时间改变黄海胆胚胎发育及生长速率变化的规律。结果显示,试验组中黄海胆胚胎发育时间明显滞后,与暴露浓度呈正相关,且乳化液试验组滞后更为显著。石油烃暴露对黄海胆胚胎的半抑制效应浓度(EC50)随发育时间的推移逐渐降低,不同发育时期段,乳化液的EC50值均比分散液小。研究结果表明,120#燃料油暴露能影响黄海胆胚胎发育,经生物型消油剂处理后,其毒性增大。     

凹凸棒黏土的提纯对噻吩化合物脱除的影响

用分散剂六偏磷酸钠对甘肃临泽凹凸棒黏土进行提纯,将提纯前后的凹凸棒黏土制备脱硫剂,进行X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积测试(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征。测定了两种脱硫剂对模拟汽油中的噻吩的吸附脱硫性能。结果表明:提纯后的凹凸棒黏土制备的脱硫剂将模拟汽油中噻吩的含量由500×10-6降到165×10-6,脱硫率为67.0%,比提纯前的脱硫剂脱硫率提高了18.4%。     

溢油分散剂的乳化效果及油滴粒径分布影响因素的研究

以GM-2型溢油分散剂和微普紧急泄漏处理液为研究对象,探究不同条件下其处理120#燃料油的乳化效果及对油滴粒径分布的影响。结果表明,提高温度、分散剂与燃料油配比(DOR)以及加强波浪作用均可显著提高溢油分散剂的乳化效果,油滴粒径更小,分布更集中,且液面下较浅处的乳化液浓度较大。GM-2型分散剂乳化效果优于微普分散剂。当温度为25℃,DOR为30%,推波频率为1次/s时,GM乳化效果达到最佳,油滴平均粒径为5.62?m。