大坝安全诊断的混沌优化神经网络模型

为了提高大坝变形的预测精度,采用小波变换和分形理论对大坝位移观测数据的非线性动力学特性进行了分析,揭示了其具有低维混沌动力特性,这为大坝变形预测模型的建立提供了理论依据和先验知识。基于低维混沌动力特性,设计了能捕获大坝位移观测数据全局动力特性,兼具神经网络模型结构优化和动力机制时新的混沌优化神经网络大坝变形预测模型。在工程实例中,由多个度量指标组成量化评价体系,对模型预测性能进行综合评价,结果表明,所建模型比传统BP神经网络和ARMA模型具有更高的预测精度。     

静钻根植竹节桩桩端承载性能数值模拟研究

静钻根植竹节桩是一种新型组合桩基,桩端处存在的水泥土扩大头使其桩端承载性能优于传统桩基。通过模型试验以及ABAQUS三维建模计算对静钻根植竹节桩的桩端承载性能进行研究时发现,当桩端土体为砂土或黏性土时,预制竹节桩桩端处于水泥土扩大头中间位置附近时桩端极限承载力最大;当桩端持力层为岩石层时,竹节桩桩端与岩石层之间水泥土层厚度越小,桩端承载性能越好。由于现阶段静钻根植竹节桩主要用于东南沿海软土地区,实际工程中竹节桩桩端处于水泥土扩大头中间位置附近时桩端承载性能最好;桩端水泥土的内摩擦角、黏聚力以及弹性模量对静钻根植竹节桩桩端承载性能影响不大;增加水泥土扩大头的直径能够提高静钻根植竹节桩的桩端承载力。     

Characterization of humic substances by advanced solid state NMR spectroscopy: Demonstration of a systematic approach

Characterization of humic substances is challenging due to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is regarded as one of the best tools for elucidating structures of humic substances. The primary solid state NMR technique that has been used so far is the routine ¹³C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) technique. Although this technique has markedly advanced our understanding of humic substances, the full potential of NMR for characterizing humic substances has yet to be realized. Recent technical developments and applications of advanced solid state NMR have revealed the promise to provide deeper insights into structures of humic substances. In this paper, we summarized and demonstrated the systematic solid state NMR protocol for characterization of humic substances using a humic acid as an example. This protocol included (1) identification of specific functional groups using spectral editing techniques, occasionally assisted by ¹H¹³C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR, (2) quantification of specific functional groups based on direct polarization-magic angle spinning (DP-MAS) and DP-MAS with recoupled dipolar dephasing, combined with spectral editing techniques, (3) determination of connectivities and proximities of specific functional groups by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR or 2D HETCOR combined with spectral editing techniques, and (4) examination of domains and heterogeneities by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR with ¹H spin diffusion. We used a soil humic acid as an example to demonstrate how this protocol was applied to the characterization of humic substances step by step. Afterwards, based on typical ¹³C NMR spectra of humic substances we described how we could combine different NMR techniques to identify specific functional groups band by band from downfield to upfield. Finally, we briefly mentioned the potential new NMR techniques that could be developed to enrich the current systematic protocol. This systematic protocol is not only applicable to humic substances but also to other natural organic matter samples.     

坚固体模型近地表形变场、应力场时空分布动态模拟研究

基于坚固体孕震模式，参考板内地震孕育特征和华北地区的地质构造特征，建立了4层地壳结构模型，对近地表形变场和应力场的时空分布特征进行了动态模拟研究，结果表明，在地震孕育的中长期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变相对稳定，出现研究，结果表明，在地震孕育的中长期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变相对稳定，出现形变空区，在孕震的中短期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变出现快速增长的态势，平均应力明显增强，这是各种前兆异常出现有规律的迁移变化，即从外国地区逐渐向强震震源区迁移、集中的内在机理。     

Cosmology without Big Bang for the whole time scale (repulsion era and attraction era)

In several papers the 5‐dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT) of the author (Schmutzer 1998, Schmutzer 1999, Schmutzer 2000a) was applied to a homogeneous, isotropic and closed cosmological model without pressure (cosmology of the attraction era). Here we derive a cosmological equation of state for the pressure. This step enables us to treat cosmology for the complete time scale from the big start (Urstart) to the present time (repulsion era and attraction era). Here following subjects are treated, where our specific terminology of PUFT is taken over from our previous publications quoted above: cosmological equation of state for the pressure, numerical integration of the system of the resulting cosmological differential equations and evaluation of the results. Specific outcomes (temporal course and present values) are given for the following cosmological quantities: radius and age of the world, cosmological frequency shift (Hubble factor), deceleration parameter, effective gravitational “constant”, mass density, temperature, pressure, entropy, behavior of the photon gas and of the mechanical particle gas etc.     

西风带阻塞高压形成及崩溃动力机制的Euler-Lagrange理论解释

本文主要采用Euler-Lagrange理论,讨论正压剪切流的切变参数对阻塞高压形成的影响。研究表明:存在一个临界参数,当切变参数的绝对值超过这个临界参数,正压剪切流将分歧出阻塞流型,这意味着阻塞高压的形成;反之,当切变参数的绝对值小于这个临界参数,阻塞流型将恢复到剪切流,这意味着阻塞高压的崩溃。该研究一定程度回答了阻塞流型"怎么形成"和"怎么崩溃"这一基本而关键的问题。