东海G断面平均温、盐度变化与厄尔尼诺关系的初步分析

本文试图利用位于东海黑潮区G断面温、盐度的多年观测资料,对该断面平均温、盐度变化与厄尔尼诺的关系进行了分析,以期有助于研究黑潮对我国东海及邻近海域环流和沿海气候的影响。 Ⅰ.资料来源及统计方法 由于采用的划分标准和指数不同,因而对     

2000年秋季黄、东海典型海区叶绿素a的时空分布及其粒径组成特征

分析了 2 0 0 0年秋季黄、东海几个典型海区的叶绿素 a调查资料 ,结果表明 :在没有温跃层存在的海区 ,叶绿素 a的垂直分布是均匀的 ,昼夜 (2 4 h)变化的幅度也很小 ,且上、下层不同粒径的浮游植物所含叶绿素 a的比例变化也不大。但在明显存在温跃层的海区中 ,叶绿素 a的垂直变化明显 ,昼夜变化的幅度较大 ,且在温跃层的上、下方显示相反的变化规律 ;不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素 a的比例组成在温跃层上、下方明显不同 ,在温跃层的下方 ,较大粒径 (2～ 2 0μm,>2 0μm)的叶绿素 a所占的比例明显大于其在表层水中所占的比例     

A tidal flushing model of the Fleet—an English tidal lagoon

Observations of the spatial distribution of salinity and tidal salinity fluctuations along the length of the Fleet are presented and different structures are identified with different freshwater runoff conditions. The salinity distribution appears to be the result of a balance between weak tidal flushing and a small freshwater input. A tidal exchange box model is developed to represent this weak balance and is able to reproduce the semidiurnal, fortnightly and seasonal fluctuations of salinity. By use of the tuned model, estimates are made of the flushing times of different segments of the lagoon, the distribution of water from particular stream inputs, and hence their polluting potential, and the likely effect on the salinity structure of changes in the tidal regime which could result from sediment deposition.     

Importance of Reference Dataset Improvements for Argo Delayed-Mode Quality Control

For the Argo Project, monitoring the global upper ocean by a large number of profiling floats, maintaining the quality of salinity data is critical; the goal for measurement accuracy is ±0.01. Experiments using the method of Wong et al. (2003), the standard delayed-mode quality control (dQC) for the Project, show that its performance depends critically on the reference datasets used. This study concludes that the method is useful for Argo and has sufficient potential to achieve the goal for salinity measurement in the North Pacific, when suitable reference datasets are prepared. Considering the Wong et al. (2003) algorithms, we suggest that reference datasets with the following characteristics will be most suitable for Argo dQC: They should be basically derived from the most extensive datasets, such as the latest World Ocean Database; in regions with denser observations, datasets with carefully quality controls should be used; in the regions with subsurface temperature inversions, such as the subarctic North Pacific, the profiles used for the reference must extend below the deepest temperature maximum to prepare proper salinities for the deep layer reference.     

Dense water characteristics in the northern Adriatic in the 1967–2000 interval with respect to surface fluxes and Po river discharge rates

Winter thermohaline properties of the northern Adriatic are analysed here with the aim of getting a better insight into dense water formation on the shelf. The hydrographic parameters collected in February in the 1967–2000 interval at two stations, the first located close to the eastern shore (station 1), and the second positioned near the Po river mouth (station 2), are compared. Two types of winter hydrographic conditions are distinguished: type A when bottom salinity and density are higher at station 1 than at station 2 and type B when these parameters are higher at station 2 than at station 1. Type A is more likely to occur in warmer and type B in colder winters. Both A and B distribution types can occur in periods when the Adriatic is under the influence of very saline waters of Mediterranean origin. Interannual changes in density are, at both stations, more dependant on haline than on thermal variations. At both stations temperature was somewhat higher in the early seventies than during the eighties and nineties, while salinity and density were lower in the early seventies and early nineties than in other years of the analysed period. By comparing the 1967–2000 changes in hydrographic conditions in February to monthly values of northern Adriatic surface fluxes and Po river discharge rates, it is shown that winter thermohaline characteristics in the region depend on processes which occur much earlier, i.e. during the previous autumn and late in spring of the preceding year, and even during the previous winter, 12 months before.     

低盐度水体南美白对虾对饲料中钙、磷的需求

低盐度水体中 ,以不同钙、磷含量的试验饲料对南美白对虾 (Penaeus vannamei)幼虾(0 .0 1 79± 0 .0 0 2 8) g进行饲养试验。结果表明 ,饲料钙磷的交互作用对南美白对虾的特定生长率、成活率及饲料系数有显著的影响 (P<0 .0 5 )。饲料中不添加钙、磷 ,南美白对虾幼虾的生长、成活率和饲料系数最差 ;饲料中钙、磷添加量分别为 0 .8%,1 .2 %时 ,南美白对虾生长最好。饲料钙、磷对南美白对虾体组织钙、磷含量存在显著的影响 (P<0 .0 5 )。特定生长率与肌肉 Ca/ P比 ,甲壳厚 /体质量比呈显著负相关关系。     

Influence of Kuroshio Flow on the Horizontal Distribution of North Pacific Intermediate Water in the Shikoku Basin

The influence of the Kuroshio flow on the horizontal distribution of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in the Shikoku Basin is examined based upon observational data collected by the training vessel “Seisui-maru” of Mie University together with oceanographic data compiled by the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC). Although it has been stated that the NPIW with salinity less than 34.2 psu had been confined to the south of the Kuroshio main axis along the PT (KJ) Line on the eastern side of the Izu Ridge, a similar tendency can be detected on the western side of the Izu Ridge. Namely, the NPIW on the southern side of the Kuroshio main axis in the Shihoku Basin does not indicate a tendency to go northward across the Kuroshio main axis without an increase in salinity of more than 34.2 psu. However, the JODC data show that less saline water (<34.2 psu) was present on the northern side of the Kuroshio main axis south of the Kii Peninsula in May 1992. Satellite observed sea surface temperature (SST) data suggested that the Kuroshio approaches the Kii Peninsula after forming a small meander off Kyushu and some intrusions of the NPIW into the northern coastal side of the Kuroshio main axis occurred in this period. It is concluded that intrusion of the NPIW with salinity less than 34.2 psu to the northern coastal side through the Kuroshio main axis occurred during the decay period of the small meander path in May 1992. Based on these observational results, the source of the salinity minimum water on the northern coastal side of the Kuroshio main axis is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盐度对鱼类生态生理学特征的影响

盐度对鱼类生态生理学作用的直接效应是引起鱼体对渗透压的调节，间接影响则表现为对鱼体与环境间物质交换与能量流动的影响(De Silva et al.，1976)。自上世纪50年代末开始，盐度一直是鱼类生理学和实验生物学的重要指标。为此，众多专家就广盐性洄游种类鲑鱼生长与盐度的关系(Ott，1971; Shaw et al.，1975; Macleod，1977; Brett，1979; Mckay et al.，1985; Mccormick et al.，1989; Morgan et al.，1991) 、耐低盐洄游性种类对海洋环境的适应(Peters et al.，1972; Hettler, 1976; Gut，1985; Malloy et al.，1991)，以及狭盐性种类在变化盐度水域中生长率与死亡率等方面进行了大量的研究。已有的研究结果显示，盐度对鱼类生长的影响效果不尽一致，甚至发生冲突(Brett, 1979)，但有关盐度对鱼类生态生理学特征的影响还未见综合比较分析报道。作者就盐度对鱼类生态生理学特征的影响在前人的基础上作了进一步分析研究，为今后开展这方面的工作提供了科学依据。     

三大洋表层海水盐度的分布特征

本文据我国1986—1987年首次环球科学考察和第三次南极考察实测的盐度资料,报道了太平洋、大西洋和印度洋表层海水盐度的分布,并与Bryan的世界大洋蒸发和降水盈亏(E—P)模式作了比较,讨论了影响大洋表层海水盐度分布、变化的主要因素,还给出了考察航线上一些近海和港湾表层海水盐度的实测结果。