Variations in the Number of Intestinal Loops in Scaphopoda (Mollusca)

Abstract. The intestinal loops of two species of the genus Bathoxiphus (Entalinidae) and of Cadulus aberrans (Gadilidae) have been reconstructed from serial sections. The results are compared to the 'textbook scaphopod' Antalis dentalis having the hindgut coiled in three loops. Bathoxiphus ensiculus has four or five intestinal loops, B. sp. S 153 four, and C. aberrans two. The buccal pouch contents included Foraminifera in all species, with agglomerates of sediment being found only in Bathoxiphus and Antalis. The mean ratio of intestinal length to body length ranges from 1.05 in B. ensiculus , over 0.98 in the four-looped B. sp. S 153, to 0.7 in A. dentalis and 0.6 in the twice-looped C. aberrans. The correlation of intestinal length with diet—additional deposit-feeding in Bathoxiphus and highly specialized 'carnivory' in C. aberrans —is probable. Despite the differences in feeding ecology, the elongated hindgut of both deep-sea species of Bathoxiphus resembles the adaptations of some bivalves to poorly nutritious deep-sea sediments.     

Opportunistic Feeding in Mediterranean Blennioid Fishes (Blenniidae and Tripterygion) as Revealed by Experimental Food Provisioning in the Field

Abstract. Consistent differences were found in trophic opportunism between species and between sexes by food provisioning experiments in an assemblage of 15 species of Mediterranean blennioid fishes. The degree of trophic opportunism in the different species was significantly and positively correlated with body size and two features indicative for intensity of male parental care. The degree of trophic opportunism correlated neither with trophic level, depth distribution, or relative abundance. Females of all species in which sex could be distinguished visited the feeding stations at higher frequencies than conspecific males.     

皱唇鲨食性与繁殖状况

皱唇鲨为黄勃海常见的底栖中小型鲨鱼,它是以游泳生物为主的杂食性鱼类,捕食蓝点马鲛、青鳞鱼、黄鲫、绵、长蛸、日本枪乌贼、对虾、鹰爪虾、虾姑、鲽科鱼、底栖多毛类和蟹类。皱唇鲨为卵胎生,7～8月性成熟后体内受精,雄性性腺成熟明显表现出:鳍脚增大呈飞跃式的增大,产仔期为5～6月,胚胎在母体内发育时间为9～10月,雌鲨怀胎最多为42尾,仔鱼的雌雄比例为1:1。     

远海梭子蟹对主要环境条件的要求

远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)又名远洋梭子蟹,俗称“花蟹”,属梭子蟹科(Portunidae)、梭子蟹属(Portunus),栖息于水深10-30m的沙质或泥沙质底上,可在河口或沿岸捕获.该种蟹属暖水蟹类,主要分布于我国的浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、海南各省(区)沿海及日本、菲律宾、澳大利亚、泰国、马来群岛、印度洋、东非海域[1,2];主产在中国南海珠江口以南的南海海域,是海南、粤西、北部湾一带海域的主要经济蟹类,在这一带产量相当大.远海梭子蟹体型大(体宽最大达187mm),食用价值高,是重要的经济甲壳动物,其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,可供出口创汇[3].     

斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长特性

据2005年10～12月，在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场的试验数据，采用生态学方法对人工培育的斜带石斑鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行了分析．结果表明，在水温为26．5～28．5℃时，仔鱼在孵出第4天开口摄食，开口饵料为牡蛎受精卵和担轮幼虫．以后随着鱼体的生长，依次投喂臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、桡足类、鱼糜．对422尾仔、稚鱼观察结果表明，其摄食率达95．1％，消化道饱满系数波动在0．96％～34．15％之间，日摄食指数在45．83％～82．08％之间，其摄食具有明显的昼夜节律，仔鱼摄食高峰出现在11：00和15：00，稚鱼摄食高峰出现在13：00和17：00，仔、稚鱼夜间基本不摄食．对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性．摄食量（Y）与体重（形）的关系式为Y=0．017W＋0．198，全长（LT）与日龄（D）的关系式为Lr=2．229e^0.038D，体重（形）与日龄（D）的关系式为形=0．063e^0.130D，全长（LT）与体重（形）的回归方程为W=0．0047LT^3.319．     

Food Selection in Two Corallivorous Butterflyfishes, Chaetodon austriacus and C. trifascialis, in the Northern Red Sea

Abstract. Using an in situ observational approach, the food preferences among hard corals were examined for the two obligate coral‐feeding butterflyfishes Chaetodon austriacus and C. trifascialis in the Northern Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Chaetodon austriacus is a generalist coral feeder that feeds mainly on three genera of abundant hard corals (Acropora, Porites and Pocillopora). In contrast, C. trifascialis is a specialist coral feeder on Acropora spp. and Pocillopora verrucosa. In general, C. austriacus had a lower feeding rate than C. trifascialis (both species in the Northern Red Sea reefs had high feeding rates compared with other reefs). Ivlev's electivity index was calculated for the two species. This index shows that C. austriacus prefers Montipora and Pocillopora, and avoids Lobophyllia and Favites. On the other hand, C. trifascialis prefers Acropora valida and avoids Porites solida. Thus, the feeding preference and avoidance of these chaetodontids depend on both biting rate and food availability in the environment rather than on biting rate alone.     

青岛近海欧氏六线鱼食性的研究

青岛近海欧氏六线鱼属底栖肉食性鱼类,主要摄食鱼类、甲壳类、多毛类和头足类等16个生物类群。本文还分析了饵料组成和摄食强度的季节变化,及摄食与消化器官结构相适应的情况。