Experimental study on the effect of soil saturation on the electric permeability coefficient during electroosmosis process

Abstract

The electrokinetic treatments on high natural moisture content, large compressibility, and low strength dredged marine soil are regarded as an innovative method, but it has not been widely applied due to the difference between theory predictions and realities. To minimize the difference which is resulted from the electric permeability coefficient variations due to pore water drainage and the degree of saturation drops during the electrokinetic treatment of soils, several one-dimensional indoor experiments were conducted with single kaolin clay and natural soft clay. The test results indicate that the electric permeability values conform to the predicted value of Helmholtz–Smoluchowski (H-S) theory under saturated conditions. The permeability for unsaturated soils can be described with relative electric permeability, that is, k_e,rel=a(Sr)^b. The ranges of fitting parameters are 0.8–1.2 for a and 3–9 for b. The fitting parameters are dependent on the soil type, electric potential gradient, and pore size distribution and so on. The smaller the soil pore size is the more sensitive the permeability coefficient is to the degree of saturation.     

地下水渗流沉降的三维耦合模型及程序的研制

研制可合理模拟预测基坑降水过程中引起地面沉降的计算机程序,并提出最优化降水方案。基于三维全耦合数值模型,笔者开发了GWS软件。GWS软件是以比奥固结理论为基础,将土体的非线性特征及土的渗透性随应力状态的动态变化考虑进去,通过耦合地下水渗流场和土体应力场进行模拟预测基坑降水过程中渗流场及地面沉降的变化。以一个实际基坑降水工程为例,经GWS软件计算得出5口井联合抽水方案,后续工程证明此方案正确、可靠。以三维全耦合数值理论为基础的GWS软件,可以为基坑降水工程引起的地下水渗流场变化及地面沉降量提供可靠的预测。     

Analytical solution for enhanced recharge around a bedrock exposure caused by deep-aquifer dewatering through a variable thickness aquitard

In this study an analytical solution was developed to predict steady radially-symmetric percolation rates from an aquifer underlain by a variable thickness aquitard. The solutions consider an aquitard with constant thickness and with radial-symmetrically increasing thickness outward from the center. The solution was used to predict the percolation rate from a peat layer around a bedrock outcrop in the James Bay Lowland near the De Beers Victor diamond mine. In this case the marine sediment layer limited the direct connection between the peat layer and the bedrock as an aquitard. Our zero order solution with constant marine sediment thickness showed the best fit to the steady state water level data of June 2012. It was found that the enhanced recharge around bioherms (i.e., at rates greater than the regional average of 0.7 mm/day) will only occur in marine sediments less than 4.3 m thick, for extreme depressurization of 30 m.     

管井降水技术在江底取水隧道修复中的应用

苏南某电厂江底取水隧道在掘进时发生沼气喷溢引起承压水携带泥沙涌入,隧道修复过程中需要防止承压水再次突涌,而能否通过管井降低长江水体下巨厚的承压含水层水位引起了巨大的争议。本文结合水文地质条件分析及现场抽水试验,查明目的含水层与江水及下部巨厚承压含水层之间的水力联系,得到了各层的水文地质参数,提供了可靠的降水方案,并对沉降变形进行了预测分析,解决了水上降水管井施工等一系列难题,对类似工程具有重要的借鉴意义。     

多功能孔压静力触探在基坑工程降水设计中的应用分析

针对南京长江四桥漫滩沉积土,分别进行了室内试验和多功能地震波孔压静力触探（SCPTU）原位测试,从SCPTU应用于场地复杂地层 的精细划分、长江漫滩沉积黏性土透水性能的评价和预测渗透系数kh 3个方面进行了详细分析,试验结果表明：综合利用 多功能SCPTU测试qt、fs、u2 3个参数可以对具有高度分层性和不均匀性的长江漫滩沉积土进行精确分层,对不同性质土 层界面、同一土层内透水或不透水夹层进行精确探测;利用SCPTU钻进过程中的孔压消散试验功能,可以对复杂的混合土层的透水性能进行评价;基于SCPTU的渗透系数kh预测值均具有一定的离散性,一般比室内试验结果高1～2个数量级,Burns & Mayne方法预测值可以作为工程初设阶段的参考值;SCPTU的应用为基坑工程降水设计提供了一种简便、快捷的新型技术手段。     

吹填细砂软弱地基处理试验研究

结合实际工程情况,针对吹填细砂及下卧软黏土地基的工程性质,对强夯-降水联合法和无填料振冲法结合整体塑料排水板加固此类地基的适用性进行了试验研究。在试验的基础上,确定了振冲施工工艺的振冲间距、上拔间距等振冲大面积施工参数,同时分析了强夯过程中下卧黏性土中孔隙水压力的增长消散过程及影响因素,得到了一些有益的结论,对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义。     

北京地铁工程中复合降水技术的开发应用

地铁工程施工不论是明挖、还是暗挖,从开挖的安全性及防水措施等方面,对地质均提出了非常严格的要求,地铁工程一般埋深较大,尤其在水文地质、工程地质条件较复杂的条件下,单一、简单的降水方法很难较好的满足地铁工程施工对地下水控制的要求。因此,需要考虑将不同种的单一降水方法中的优势技术进行合理叠加,尝试复合降水技术,能使地铁工程降水效果达到疏干充分、消除或有效控制含水层底界滞留水渗漏,避免拱顶因地下水渗漏造成冒顶、侧壁地下水渗漏造成坍塌,保障正常施工。     

曹妃甸地区基坑支护降水方案选择及设计建议

首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司是一个在曹妃甸岛上吹填砂造地形成的场地上新建的大型现代化精品钢铁基地。分析了该建筑场地的地质环境情况和常用的基坑支护、降水方法,对该建筑场地上的建（构）筑物的基坑支护、降水设计及方案选择提出建议。     

北京地铁颐和园站管井降水技术

降水工程在地铁建设过程中具有举足轻重的作用,将直接影响地铁工程的工期及安全,对整个工程质量影响颇大。基坑开挖过程中很可能产生基坑底的突涌,引发安全事故。因此,施工前必须采取合理有效的地下水控制措施,防止土的渗透变形、突涌等不良作用对基坑边坡、底部造成影响,保证施工安全。管井降水是目前北京地铁工程降水中应用最广泛的一种方法。结合工程实例对管井降水的设计、施工及监测等一系列问题进行了研究。     

Management of karst water resources in mining area: dewatering in mines and demand for water supply in the Dongshan Mine of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, North China

Coalfields in North China contain six to seven coal seams in the Permo-Carboniferous strata. The coal seams are underlain by the Ordovician limestone. Large-scale dewatering or depressurizing of the karst aquifer was considered essential to avoid water inrushes and keep the mines safely operational. This practice, however, has caused water supply shortage in the mining areas. The most effective solution to this conflict is to use the uncontaminated karst water from the mines for water supply. This paper explores a management model to maximize the utilization of the karst water while maintaining the safe operation of the mines. The model can provide essential information on water resource distribution for decision makers. The model was applied to the Dongshan Coal Mine in Taiyuan City, China.