利用接收函数研究郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区地壳结构特征

利用郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区的261个宽频带地震台站5年记录的763个远震波形数据,计算并筛选得到了10846条远震P波接收函数.采用P波接收函数H-κ法得到了该区的地壳厚度和壳内平均泊松比值,并采用共转换点叠加法进一步揭示台站下方Moho界面的起伏形态.研究发现：⑴研究区Moho界面埋深在27~40 km范围内变化,平均深度在~34 km,总体上以郯庐断裂带为界呈现出东薄西厚的特征.地壳厚度在不同块体之间或者是块体内部存在着明显差异,表明不同的地质构造单元经历了不同的构造演化过程.⑵研究区地壳泊松比在0.15~0.32之间变化,平均泊松比为0.24,略低于全球陆壳和中国陆壳平均泊松比值;然而,较大的泊松比浮动范围却意味着研究区内地壳物质具有强烈的横向非均匀性及物质组成的复杂性.沿郯庐断裂带展布着一条NNE-SSW方向的泊松比高值异常带,推测是镁铁质基性岩沿郯庐断裂带上涌至地壳所致,亦或是高温高压的幔源热物质底侵至下地壳所致.⑶研究区的地壳厚度和壳内平均泊松比存在着反相关的关系;地壳厚度和地表地貌特征呈镜向关系,即造山隆起区Moho界面埋藏较深,而平原盆地区Moho界面埋藏较浅.Moho埋深等值线分布图和研究区布格重力异常特征对应良好.⑷共转换点（Common Conversion Point,CCP）叠加法对Moho界面的刻画与H-κ叠加法求得的地壳厚度结果具有较好的一致性.CCP剖面表明郯庐断裂带不仅是扬子断块区和华北块体的分界断裂,更是一条切割Moho面、深抵上地幔的深大超壳断裂带,错距达4~7 km.⑸研究区内部分台站下方存在壳内分界面,仍能通过改变壳内速度后采用H-κ法获得其埋藏深度.

     

Inelastic spectra for displacement-based seismic design

In recognition of the emergence of displacement-based seismic design as a potentially more rational approach than force-based techniques, this paper addresses derivation of inelastic displacement spectra and associated topics. A well-constrained earthquake strong-motion dataset is used to derive inelastic displacement spectra, displacement reduction factors and ductility–damping relationships. These are in a format amenable for use in design and assessment of structures with a wide range of response characteristics.     

Inelastic buildings with tuned mass dampers under moderate ground motions from distant earthquakes

The effectiveness of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in vibration control of buildings was investigated under moderate ground shaking caused by long‐distance earthquakes with frequency contents resembling the 1985 Mexico City (SCT) or the 1995 Bangkok ground motion. The elastic–perfectly plastic material behaviour was assumed for the main structure, with linear TMDs employed by virtue of their simplicity and robustness. The accumulated hysteretic energy dissipation affected by TMD was examined, and the ratio of the hysteretic energy absorption in the structure with TMD to that without it is proposed to be used, in conjunction with the peak displacement ratio, as a supplementary TMD performance index since it gives an indication of the accumulated damage induced in the inelastic structures. For the ground motions considered, TMD would be effective in reducing the hysteretic energy absorption demand in the critical storeys for buildings in the 1.8–2.8 s range. The consequence is reduction in damage of the buildings which would otherwise suffer heavy damage in the absence of TMD, resulting in economical restorability in the damage control limit state. This is of practical significance in view of the current trend toward performance‐based design. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic interaction in linearly connected electrical substation equipment

An electrical substation consists of a complex set of equipment items that are interconnected through conductor buses or cables. If the connections are not sufficiently flexible, significant dynamic interaction may occur between the connected equipment items during a seismic excitation. This interaction is believed to be responsible for some of the observed substation equipment damage in recent earthquakes. This paper investigates the interaction between two equipment items connected by a linear spring‐dashpot or spring‐dashpot‐mass element representing a conductor bus. It is found that the interaction between the two equipment items may significantly amplify the response of the higher‐frequency equipment item. The influences of various key parameters on the interaction effect are quantified. Means for reducing the adverse interaction effect are described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西中强地震前波速比异常研究

本文分析了大同－阳高６．１级（１９８９），５．８级（１９９１），忻州５．、１级（１９９１），侯马５．１级（１９８９）以及太原，运城１９８９－１９９１年几个４．０级左右地震前后的２０２次小震资料。结果表明：这些主震前都存在明显的地震波速异常变化，纵横波速比Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ表面为下降－回升的异常形态，负异常持续时间与震级大小相关；主震在岁异常结束后发生，滞后时间随区域地震震源深度增大而延长。同时，主震前还存     

比值R分析及其在宁夏中强地震预报中的应用

本文提出比值Ｒ分析计算方法，用其求解时间序列数据矩平差和标准差结构的分形，目的的于判定地震预报指标，作为实例，宁夏区和同心区的地震频度，最大震级，以及同心地办水氡观测数据的比值Ｒ随时间的分形变化进行了初步分析，证明本方法能为我国提供可信的震情信息。     

The relationship between crust-mantle structural ratio and seismic activity

（毛桐恩，姚家榴）Ｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｃｒｕｓｔ－ｍａｎｔｌｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｒａｔｉｏａｎｄｓｅｉｓｍｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ￥Ｔｏｎｇ－ＥｎＭＡＯａｎｄＪｉａ－ＬｉｕＹＡＯ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ｓｔ...     

金沙江地震带强震动及其与现今弱震活动关系

包括川滇菱块及马边－大关，宣威－弥勒地区在内的金沙江地震带记载（录）了川滇两省发生的绝大部分中、强以上地震，为我国西南一主要地震区。本文重点研究了该范围内强震的重复性及现今弱震密集区的强震危险性问题。金沙江地震带强震具有很高的原地重复性，７级以上强震原地重复率达６５．４％，平均复发时间１５７年；６级地震原地重复率达４１．８％，平均复发时间为２７．２年。川滇地区现今弱震活动密集区在活动期内本身发生６级以上强震的可能性很小。四川地区大多数情况下强震发生在距密集区４０－５０千米处，云南情况较复杂。但在作今后较长时间危险性分析预测时，现今弱震密集区本身仍有发生６级地震的危险，虽然发生７级以上地震可能性不大。     

震源系统小震调制比（r＿m）和异常面积（Sr＿m）起伏加剧的时空特征与强震的中、短期预报

本文对强震前震源系统的调制比ｒ＿ｍ和调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ随时间变化的起伏加剧现象进行回顾性研究，得到下列研究结果：（１）强震前近源区以及中强震前近源区大多出现调制比ｒ＿ｍ的起伏加剧，并大多在起伏频次达三次时有大震或中强震发生。（２）大多数中、强地震前ｒ＿ｍ异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ围绕震源区呈现由小至大、由大至小的过程，因此引入最小异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍｉｎ）和最大异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍａｘ）之比γ作为中、短期预报指标，根据统计得到异常指标［γ］如下式某些震例在震前出现异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏的加剧过程，初步认为是震源区周围调整单元调整能力较差导致的结果。（３）ｒ＿ｍ、Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏加剧开始时间与震级有关，震级愈大，起伏加剧出现愈早。根据半年步长逐月滑动得到的ｒ＿ｍ－Ｔ图，起伏加剧开始至发震的时间与震级Ｍ的统计，得到如下关系（Ｔ以月计）Ｍ＝４．２９＋０．１１Ｔ（４）强震前场区异常一般呈现随机异常型、波动型和衰减型三种。若场区某统计区出现ｒ＿ｍ的三次起伏加剧时，说明该统计区未来有强震发生。（５）由自治系统和非自治系统原理初步解释了震前震源区周围调整区调制比ｒ＿ｍ及调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏现象的周期特征。     

弹性反射波频谱分析对比法检测浆砌片石挡墙质量

大量的浆砌片石挡墙需要作快速质量检测,作者比较了利用弹性波速、瑞利面波和弹性波频谱分析法后,认为后者分辨率高,方法简单,并作了几百个点的检测,得到了成功。