内蒙古乌达矿区煤的显微特征与沉积环境关系的研究

通过对研究区主采煤层显微特征和沉积环境的分析,并利用三角图解（在三角图解中,考虑了煤中矿物特别是自生矿物对指示煤相的意义）和组分含量平面图,论述了显微煤岩特征与沉积环境的关系。研究发现,潮控下三角洲平原形成的煤层其活性组分和硫分含量较之河控下三角洲平原含量高,并且三角图解三端元的离散率小;在潮坪沉积基础上形成的煤层其惰性组分含量高并分布稳定;相同沉积环境形成的不同煤层显微组成相似,但它们的显微组成由于聚煤环境的变迁而在平面分布上有差异。     

吉南地区晚震旦世震积岩特征

在吉南地区晚震旦世地层序列中,普遍发育有一套地震事件沉积物,其在垂向上由振动注伦泥昌碳酸盐脉灰岩,卷曲变形灰岩,阶梯状断层,海啸颗粒灰岩,津浪丘状交错层灰岩及钙屑浊积岩组成。     

四川雅安-宝兴地区的侏罗-白垩系

根据１∶５万区域地质调查资料,将四川省雅安—宝兴地区的侏罗—白垩系地层,由老至新划分为白田坝组、千佛崖组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组、莲花口组、天马山组、夹关组、灌口组等８个岩石地层单元。描述了层型剖面的层序及岩石组合特征,讨论了生物地层及年代地层问题。对侏罗—白垩系的沉积环境进行了分析,初步划分出河流相、湖泊相、冲积扇相三大类型。     

A facies interpretation of the eruption and emplacement mechanisms of the upper part of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff,Campi Flegrei,southern Italy

This study focuses on the upper part, Member B, of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT). Detailed measurements of stratigraphic sections within the unlithified pozzolana facies show that Member B is composed of at least six distinct depositional units which each record a complex fluctuation between different styles of deposition from pyroclastic density flows. Six lithofacies have been identified: (1) massive valleyponded facies, the product of non-turbulent flows; (2) inverse-graded facies formed by flows that were turbulent for the majority of transport but were deposited through a non-tubulent basal regime; (3) regressive sand-wave facies, the product of high-concentration, turbulent flows; (4) stratified facies, the product of deposition from turbulent, low-particle-concentration, flows; (5) particle aggregate and (6) vesicular ash lithofacies, both of which are considered to have formed by deposition from turbulent, low-concentration flows. Although the whole eruption may have been phreatomagmatic, facies 1–4 are interpreted to be the product of dry eruptive activity, whereas facies 5 and 6 are considered to be of wet phreatomagmatic eruptive phases. Small-scale horizontal variations between facies include inverse-graded lithofacies that pass laterally into regressive sand-wave structures and stratified deposits. This indicates rapid transition from non-turbulent to turbulent deposition within the same flow. Thin vesicular ash and particle aggregate layers pass laterally into massive valley-ponded vesicular lithofacies, suggesting contemporaneous wet pyroclastic surges and cohesive mud flows. Three common vertical facies relations were recognised. (1) Massive valley-ponded and inverse-graded facies are overlain by stratified facies, suggesting decreasing particle concentration with time during passage of a flow. (2) Repeated vertical gradation from massive up into stratified facies and back into massive beds, is indicative of flow fluctuating between non-turbulent and turbulent depositional conditions. (3) Vertical alternation between particle aggregates and vesicular facies is interpreted as the product of many flow pulses, each of which involved deposition of a single particle aggregate and vesicular ash layer. It is possible that the different facies record stages in a continuum of flow processes. The deposits formed are dependent on the presence, thickness and behaviour of a high-concentration, non-turbulent boundary layer at the base of the flow. The end members of this process are (a) flows that transported and deposited material from a non-turbulent flow regime and (b) flows that transported and deposited material from a turbulent flow regime.     

官寨井田沉积环境与聚煤规律

以井田大量钻孔地质资料为基础,从岩性特征,层理特征、古生物、含煤性、煤质等方面对官寨井田二叠系上统龙潭组含煤地层沉积环境、聚煤作用进行分析,得出本区沉积环境为过渡相,地势北东低南西高,海水由北东向南西推进,根据海水进退规律可分为三个成煤期：早期为泻湖—潮坪环境,总体处在海平面上升期,属退积型。因海水进退频繁,不利于成煤,形成的煤层多为薄层,煤层局部可采;中期为潮控三角洲环境,是海平面下降期,属进积型,此时地壳运动相对稳定,形成了井田中主要可采煤层4号、9号煤,属中厚层,连续性好;晚期为泻湖—潮坪环境,该期总体为海平面上升期,属退积型,海水进退较频繁,在垂向上旋回多而小,完整性差,形成了不可采的1、3号煤层及全区大部分可采的2号煤。在横向上区内北东部较南西部聚煤条件好,从西—东,二叠系沉积厚度增大,煤层含煤系数增大,可采系数变大。     

罗园井田水文地质特征及矿井涌水量预测

罗园井田地处淮南煤田中段南缘,阜风逆冲推覆构造部位,井田内含水层（组）由新生界松散砂层孔隙水、二叠系砂岩裂隙水、石炭系太原组石灰岩岩溶裂隙水、奥陶系岩溶裂隙水和寒武系岩溶裂隙水五个含水岩组组成,水文地质条件简单～中等。在分析井田充水因素的基础上,指出灰岩与煤岩层对口部位是突水发生的主要地段。采用生产矿井比拟法,预算开采4-1～13-1煤层时,正常涌水量为316m^3／h,最大涌水量755m^3／h;利用地下水动力学法预算矿井正常涌水量为328m^3／h,太原组岩溶水突水量为798m^3／h。根据本井田煤层陡倾斜及含水层间强水力联系的特点,说明矿井防治水工作难度较大,在今后的矿井设计和生产过程中应有针对性地采取综合水害防治措施。     

松辽盆地南缘找煤方向分析

松辽盆地南部发育了一系列晚侏罗世一早白垩世含煤盆地,呈规律性展布。以辽河断裂为界,可分为东西两个不同的沉积区：东部以河流相沉积为主,以铁法、宝力盆地为代表;西部以湖泊相沉积为主,以协尔苏、长城窝棚盆地为代表。通过对已知盆地构造、沉积环境、聚煤特征分析,提出今后找煤工作方向：在辽河断裂以东优先考虑铁法矿区东北部、亮中、觜鹭树盆地;以西应优先考虑与兰傲、钱家店两盆地。     

王洼煤矿扩大延伸勘探区煤质特征

通过对王洼煤矿扩大延伸勘探区可采煤层煤的煤岩特征、物理化学性质和工艺性能的分析研究,阐述了该区可采煤层煤的煤质特征及其变化规律：该区各可采煤层煤的显微有机组分中镜质组含量大于惰质组,二者约占89％,壳质组占1％左右,煤的无机组分占10％左右,并以粘土矿物为主。水分含量在8％左右,该区自西向东煤的灰分产率、挥发分产率、硫分、水分逐渐降低,属特低灰-低灰、低-中硫、特低磷-低磷,中高-高挥发分,高热值、不具粘结性的长焰煤、不粘煤。     

胜坨地区沙河街组沙四上亚段砂砾岩体沉积相与油气分布

摘 要 胜坨地区沙四上亚段发育了以砂砾岩扇体为主的沉积体系,在深水区存在各种浊积砂砾岩体。本文在岩心观察和描述的基础上,结合测井等资料,对胜坨地区沙四上亚段砂砾岩体的沉积特征进行了研究,并分析了其油气分布特征。结果表明胜坨地区沙四上亚段在同生断层的下降盘主要发育水进型扇三角洲沉积体系,同时还广泛发育了重力流水道和滑塌浊积扇等浊积砂砾岩体。该区各类砂砾岩油藏在平面上由洼陷中心向边缘相带依次分布岩性油气藏—构造油气藏—地层油气藏,油气分布明显受沉积相控制,不同的相带储层物性差异明显。扇三角洲扇中部位储集物性较好,为油气聚集有利相带;滑塌浊积扇和重力流水道等浊积岩体次之;扇三角洲扇根、扇端则因储集物性较差,含油气性较差。此外,继承性深洼陷与岩性的分区性对油气分布有较大的影响。     

沉积体系分析与河道砂岩型铀矿成矿条件讨论--以鄂尔多斯中新生代盆地东胜地区为例

本运用沉积体系理论，对东胜地区直罗组的沉积相及沉积体系归属进行系统分析，指出直罗组为河流相沉积，其河流演化经历了早期辫状河、中期低弯度曲流河和晚期高弯度曲流河3个阶段。根据气候演变特点将直罗组分为上、下两个岩性段：下段为温湿条件下的辫状河沉积和低弯度曲流河沉积，形成灰色沉积建造；上段为干旱炎热条件下的曲流河沉积，形成以红色为主的杂色沉积建造。本区铀矿化属河道砂岩型，矿化受辫状河道控制，主要赋存于辫状河沉积砂体中。同时，对河道砂岩型铀矿化的成矿条件进行了初步探讨。