Radio observations of the fine structure inside a post-CME current sheet

A solar radio burst was observed in a coronal mass ejection/flare event by the Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at the Huairou Solar Observing Station on2004 December 1. The data exhibited various patterns of plasma motions, suggestive of the interaction between sunward moving plasmoids and the flare loop system during the impulsive phase of the event. In addition to the radio data, the associated whitelight, Hα, extreme ultraviolet light, and soft and hard X-rays were also studied.     

基于微脉冲激光雷达观测资料的半干旱区沙尘天气消光效应分析

利用兰州大学半干旱区气候与环境观测站（SOCAL）的微脉冲激光雷达（MPL）2008年4月30日至5月2日观测资料,对晴朗天气、浮沉天气及扬沙天气过程中气溶胶垂直分布的连续变化、物理机制进行了对比分析与探讨。结果表明MPL很好地反映出不同天气过程中大气气溶胶廓线的日变化特征：受人类活动影响,天气晴朗时,早晨9时开始在0—2km范围出现气溶胶聚集区,持续至15时,气溶胶平均消光系数〈0．20km-1;受沙尘输送影响,浮尘天气时,气溶胶聚集区高度范围为1—2km,高层气溶胶富集区高度范围为5—7km,气溶胶平均消光系数0．38km-1;扬沙天气时,气溶胶聚集区高度范围为0—1km,浓度远大于浮尘天气,但高层气溶胶浓度较小且分布较均匀,气溶胶平均消光系数〉0．50km-1。     

塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被指数变化及其驱动力

以新疆塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被为研究对象,利用2001—2020年归一化植被指数（NDVI）、气象数据（年均气温和降水量）及社会经济发展数据（年末牲畜存栏数、肉类总产量和农牧民人均纯收入）,运用ArcGIS 10.5软件、R语言和matlab等语言,运用相关分析法和趋势分析法,研究了不同时段低山草甸植被NDVI、气象因子和社会经济发展数据的时空变化特征,从气候变化和人类活动角度探讨了影响低山草甸植被NDVI变化的驱动力,揭示了以往采取的草地恢复措施的有效性和时效性。结果表明：2001—2008年低山草甸植被处于“绿化”状态,“绿化”现象主要分布在研究区的西南、南部和东部,但存在“褐化”趋势,NDVI的降幅在夏季最大;2009—2020年处于“褐化”状态,“褐化”现象分布在除了研究区西南部的其他区域,但存在微弱的“绿化”趋势,NDVI的增幅在夏季最大;2001—2020年生长季总体呈“暖干”趋势,但2009年以来“暖干”趋势有所减缓,低山草甸的南部经历了一个降水减少的暖化过程,而西北和东北部则表现出降水增加的冷却过程;过去20年年末牲畜存栏数和肉类总产量都呈现先急速增加后平缓增加而又急...     

自然和人类活动作用下月湖沉积物有机质来源及其演变

潟湖海湾可以保存环境演化和人类活动的良好记录,碳氮元素含量及同位素特征可用来有效地反演这些演化。对位于山东半岛的月湖柱状样和沿岸表层样总有机碳、总氮、稳定碳氮同位素的分析表明,陆源物质对月湖沉积物和有机质的贡献很小,其沉积物中有机质的主要来源是维管植物大叶藻和各种海洋藻类。在2002年前大约140 a的沉积历史中,大叶藻对沉积物有机质的贡献比例呈上升趋势,其中在约1930年和1980年有两次明显的上升,前者可能因为种群的快速繁育,后者则可能是1979年口门筑坝后由于湾内环境恶化,大叶藻开始大量死亡的表现。月湖海洋藻类的有机碳埋藏通量在沉积记录中保持相对稳定,而大叶藻则增加了一倍,但两者都有一定程度的波动。研究结果表明自然环境演变（如沙嘴生长、口门缩小）和人类活动（如筑坝、修筑虾池）对月湖生态环境及有机碳埋藏的影响在沉积物中有清晰的记录。     

时域激电数据进行频谱参数的反演方法及应用

Cole-Cole模型的频谱参数可以用于区分引起激电异常的极化体和寻找深部矿(化)体,因野外工作效率低,在勘探中没有得到广泛应用。当前的时域激电仪器可以观测反映二次极化电位衰减的多个时段的视充电率数据,根据频谱激电和时间域激电可以相互转换的理论,提出一种由时域激电数据提取出Cole-Cole模型参数方法,可得到4个频谱参数:视充电率Ms、视频率相关系数cs、视时间常数τs和视电阻率ρs。在江西某矿区激电中梯测量中,运用该方法推测地下地质体的性质并经钻探验证,取得了良好的找矿效果。     

Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Water and Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yangtze River and Their Geological and Environmental Implications

The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials（SPM） in the Yangtze River were investigated on the samples collected from 25 hydrological monitoring stations in the mainsteam and 13 hydrological monitoring stations in the major tributaries during 2003 to 2007. The water samples show a large variation in both δD（ 30‰ to 112‰） and δ18O（ 3.8‰ to 15.4‰） values. Both δD and δ18O values show a decrease from the river head to the Jinsha Jiang section and then increase downstream to the river mouth. It is found that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the Yangtze water are controlled by meteoric precipitation, evaporation, ice（and snow） melting and dam building. The Yangtze SPM concentrations show a large variation and are well corresponded to the spatial and temporal changes of flow speed, runoff and SPM supply, which are affected by the slope of the river bed, local precipitation rate, weathering intensity, erosion condition and anthropogenic activity. The Yangtze SPM consists of clay minerals, clastic silicate and carbonate minerals, heavy minerals, iron hydroxide and organic compounds. From the upper to lower reaches, the clay and clastic silicate components in SPM increase gradually, but the carbonate components decrease gradually, which may reflect changes of climate and weathering intensity in the drainage area. Compared to those of the upper crust rocks, the Yangtze SPM has lower contents of SiO2, CaO, K2 O and Na2 O and higher contents of TFe2 O3 and trace metals of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The ΣREE in the Yangtze SPM is also slightly higher than that of the upper crust. From the upper to lower reaches, the CaO and MgO contents in SPM decrease gradually, but the SiO2 content increases gradually, corresponding to the increase of clay minerals and decrease of the carbonates. The δ30SiSPM values（ 1.1‰ to 0.3‰） of the Yangtze SPM are similar to those of the average shale, but lower than those of the granite rocks（ 0.3‰ to 0.3‰）, reflecting the effect of silicon isotope fractionation in silicate weathering process. The δ30SiSPM values of the Yangtze SPM show a decreasing trend from the upper to the middle and lower reaches, responding to the variation of the clay content. The major anions of the river water are HCO 3, SO 4 2, Cl, NO 3, SiO 4 4 and F and the major cations include Ca2＋, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋ and Sr2＋. The good correlation between HCO3-content and the content of Ca2＋may suggest that carbonate dissolution is the dominate contributor to the total dissolved solid（TDS） of the Yangtze River. Very good correlations are also found among contents of Cl, SO4 2, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋and Sr2＋, indicating the important contribution of evaporite dissolution to the TDS of the Yangtze River. High TDS contents are generally found in the head water, reflecting a strong effect of evaporation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A small increase of the TDS is generally observed in the river mouth, indicating the influence of tidal intrusion. The F and NO3 contents show a clear increase trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the contribution of pesticides and fertilizers in the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The DSi shows a decrease trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the effect of rice and grass growth along the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd in the Yangtze water are all higher than those in world large rivers, reflecting the effect of intensive mining activity along the Yangtze drainage area. The Yangtze water generally shows similar REE distribution pattern to the global shale. The δ30SiDiss values of the dissolved silicon vary from 0.5‰ to 3.7‰, which is the highest among those of the rivers studied. The δ30SiDiss values of the water in the Yangtze mainsteam show an increase trend from the upper stream to downstream. Its DSi and δ30SiDiss are influenced by multiple processes, such as weathering process, phytolith growth in plants, evaporation, phytolith dissolution, growth of fresh water diatom, adsorption and desorption of aqueous monosilicic acid on iron oxide, precipitation of silcretes and formation of clays coatings in aquifers, and human activity. The δ34SSO4 values of the Yangtze water range from 1.7‰ to 9.0‰. The SO4 in the Yangtze water are mainly from the SO4 in meteoric water, the dissolved sulfate from evaporite, and oxidation of sulfide in rocks, coal and ore deposits. The sulfate reduction and precipitation process can also affect the sulfur isotope composition of the Yangtze water. The87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Yangtze water range from 0.70823 to 0.71590, with an average value of 0.71084. The87Sr/86Sr ratio and Sr concentration are primary controlled by mixing of various sources with different87Sr/86Sr ratios and Sr contents, including the limestone, evaporite and the silicate rocks. The atmospheric precipitation and anthropogenic inputs can also contribute some Sr to the river. The δ11B values of the dissolved B in the Yangtze water range from 2.0‰ to 18.3‰, which is affected by multifactors, such as silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, evaporite dissolution, atmospheric deposition, and anthropogenic inputs.     

Stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary,Fujian Province,China

The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in estuarine environments has been studied for its significant role in determining the isotopic composition of inorganic/organic matter and its applications to the study of various natural processes. In this paper, based on the stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dis- solved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary, the following conclusions are drawn： （1） δ13CDIC values are mainly controlled by the mixing ratio of fresh water and sea water; （2）δ13Cphytoplankton values are linearly related to the δ13CDIC values; （3） δ13CpoM values for the Jiulong River Estuary are affected by anthropogenic pollution signifi- cantly; and （4） the comprehensive analysis of δ13Cphytoplankton, δ13CpoM and δ13CDIc shows that along with increasing salinity, the proportion of POM derived from the degradation of phytoplanktons gradually increases.     

Enrichment of Platinum-group Elements (PGE) and Re-Os Isotopic Tracing for Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits

Platinum-group elements （PGE） in PGE-rich porphyry copper （gold） deposits are mainly Pt and Pd, whereas the concentrations of other PGE （Ru, Rh, Os, Ir） are significantly low. Moreover, Pt and Pd mainly exist in sulfides in the forms of crystal lattice or tiny platinum-group mineral （PGM） inclusions. The present data show that there is a positive relationship between Pt and Pd concentrations and Cu （Au） in porphyry copper （gold） deposits. The comparison of chondrite-normalized PGE distribution patterns between the ore-bearing porphyry intrusions and ore-barren porphyry intrusions in arc setting, 187^Os/188^Os, 87^Sr/86^Sr and S isotopes for porphyry copper （gold） deposits shows that PGEs were mainly derived from the mantle, and fluids from subduction zones devoted trivial PGE to the magma. The porphyry copper （gold） deposits associated with subducted events are most probably enriched in PGE, whereas those related to crustal thickening, lithospheric delamination or underplating rarely concentrate PGE. The osmium isotopic compositions in porphyry copper （gold） deposits reveal that （187^Os/188^Os）i values are highly variable and not lower than those of primitive upper mantle （PUM） and mantle peridotite, however, osmium concentrations are commonly lower than mantle peridotite, suggesting that parental magmas of some porphyry intrusions had experienced crustal contamination during magma evolution. Experimental investigations have proved that PGE exist in the forms of Cl^- and HS^- complexes during transportation and migration of the oreforming fluids. This paper summarizes previous studies including crucial controlling factors and mechanisms for PGE enrichment, and points out that the mantle-derived magmas parental to porphyry intrusions are the prerequisite for PGE enrichment in porphyry copper （gold） deposits. Favorable physical and chemical conditions （including salinity, temperature, pressure, pH, and oxygen fugacity） in hydrothermal fluids crucially control the     

资源储量估算垂直纵投影图上是否要画坐标线探讨

根据数学推导:当矿体(层)为非直立、非正东正西、正南正北倾向时,在垂直纵投影图上X、Y轴坐标投影线均是倾斜线。因此,在矿体(层)纵投影图上强调画坐标线,且将纵投影图上的坐标投影线均表示为铅直线值得商榷。     

广南洒拉冲金矿矿床地质特征及成因分析

洒拉冲金矿处于我国卡林型金矿重要成矿区——滇黔桂“金三角”区东南隅的广南与广西毗邻地区.控矿因素主要为沿洒拉冲复式背斜核部及翼部发育的NWW—SEE向断裂破碎带,为脆性剪切带热液蚀变型金矿.文中从区域地质背景入手,系统介绍矿金矿矿床地质特征,分析矿床成因及找矿标志.