Distributed fiber optic monitoring and stability analysis of a model slope under surcharge loading

In the discipline of geotechnical engineering, fiber optic sensor based distributed monitoring has played an increasingly important role over the past few decades. Compared with conventional sensors, fiber optic sensors have a variety of exclusive advantages, such as smaller size, higher precision, and better corrosion resistance. These innovative monitoring technologies have been successfully applied for performance monitoring of geo-structures and early warning of potential geo- hazards around the world. In order to investigate their ability to monitor slope stability problems, a medium-sized model of soil nailed slope has been constructed in laboratory. The fully distributed Brillouin optical time-domain analysis （BOTDA） sensing technology was employed to measure the horizontal strain distributions inside the model slope. During model construction, a specially designed strain sensing fiber was buried in the soil mass. Afterward, the surcharge loading was applied on the slope crest in stages using hydraulic jacks and a reaction frame. During testing, an NBX-6o5o BOTDA sensing interrogator was used to collect the fiber optic sensing data. The test results have been analyzed in detail, which shows that the fiber optic sensors can capture the progressive deformation and failure pattern of the model slope. The limit equilibrium analyses were also conducted to obtain the factors ofsafety of the slope under different surface loadings. It is found that the characteristic maximum strains can reflect the stability of the model slope and an empirical relationship was obtained, This study verified the effectiveness of the distributed BOTDA sensing technology in performance monitoring of slope.     

安徽铜山铜(金)矿床锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学

安徽池州的铜山岩体是长江中下游地区沿江岩浆岩主带中的含矿岩体之一,其形成年龄及岩石成因尚存在争议。该岩体主要由石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩和花岗闪长岩组成,与铜金矿化关系密切。对铜山矽卡岩型铜(金)矿床的花岗闪长岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素地球化学研究。岩石地球化学及同位素年代学研究结果表明:花岗闪长岩侵入年龄为(146.3±3.2)Ma,形成于早白垩世;锆石εHf(t)值平均为-5.23,说明铜山侵入岩具有壳幔混合的岩浆岩源区性质;锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄分布在1 184.51~1 422.72Ma之间,说明岩浆源区与皖南地区出露的中元古代基底有密切关系。构造判别图解显示,铜山岩体属火山弧花岗岩,与长江中下游铜金矿床含矿岩体形成于同一构造背景下,据此推测铜山地区大地构造背景形成于与古太平洋板块俯冲密切相关的大陆边缘岩浆弧环境。     

青海德尔尼铜(钴)矿床矿石矿物特征及其地质意义

青海德尔尼铜(钴)矿床赋存于东昆仑阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩套中部,岩石类型主要有蛇纹石化的方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩,矿石类型主要为块状、条带状含铜黄铁矿矿石,矿床成因存在多种认识。通过野外详细观察、室内显微镜下矿石矿物特征鉴定以及电子探针分析,确定德尔尼铜(钴)矿床的矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次为磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等,矿石结构以半自形粒状结构为主;钴元素在早期黄铁矿中比较富集,晚期黄铁矿中较贫,w(Co)/w(Ni)值指示黄铁矿与巴西Sossego铁氧化物-铜-金矿一致;早期黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿的微量元素质量比值指示矿床成矿温度为200℃~300℃,属于中温环境,进一步证明了该矿床不是岩浆型矿床,属于海底喷流-沉积成因。矿床成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:海底喷流-沉积阶段、构造变形阶段、热液阶段和表生氧化阶段,其中前两个阶段为铜、钴、锌的主要成矿期。     

不同前处理方法对微拟球藻脂肪酸组成的影响

采用直接甲酯化、乙醚抽提、正己烷提取等3种方法对微拟球藻进行前处理,用索氏法提取油脂,经气相色谱分析,对比前处理方法对微拟球藻油脂提取率及脂肪酸组分的影响。结果表明:乙醚提取藻粉油脂的提取率(微藻的油脂质量分数)为12.70%,正己烷提取藻粉油脂的提取率为11.00%,乙醚提取油脂的提取率大于正己烷的提取率;直接甲酯化后测得微拟球藻脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,PUFAs)质量分数为20.04%,多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic Acid,EPA)含量最丰富,占总脂肪酸13.0%;经过乙醚和正己烷提取后的油脂,脂肪酸组成更加简单,PUFAs含量明显增加,乙醚提取油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.3倍,正己烷提取所得油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.08倍。     

溶藻弧菌Ⅲ型分泌系统注射装置蛋白VscO的原核表达及免疫原性

为探究溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)ZJ03株Ⅲ型分泌系统(Type III secretion system,T3SS)注射装置蛋白VscO作为疫苗候选抗原的可能性,根据GeneBank上登陆的溶藻弧菌VscO序列(NO.KJ179947),设计1对带酶切位点的特异性引物,PCR扩增vscO基因,序列分析结果显示,该基因全长462 bp,理论分子质量为18.430ku。将vscO基因定向插入原核表达载体pET-28a(+),构建重组表达质粒pET-vscO。用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后,可在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中表达分子质量约为22 ku的VscO融合蛋白,且该蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。VscO蛋白表达和纯化的最优条件为:0.1 mmol/L IPTG、37℃条件下诱导4 h,咪唑洗脱浓度为400 mmol/L。用纯化后的融合蛋白免疫SPF级小鼠,获得高效多克隆抗体。Western-blotting结果表明,鼠抗VscO血清既能与重组VscO蛋白发生反应,也能与分离自溶藻弧菌约22 ku的天然蛋白发生反应,提示T3SS注射装置蛋白VscO可能是溶藻弧菌的重要保护性抗原之一。     

重庆地区人体舒适度日数时空变化特征

利用1981-2010年重庆地区34个地面气象站资料日值数据集,基于人体舒适度指数模型和气候影响评价标准,综合采用线性回归、M－K突变、小波理论和EOF分析等方法分析人体舒适度日数时空分布特征。结果表明：重庆地区年平均人体舒适日数为199 d,主要舒适季节为春、秋季,占全年的71 %;人体舒适日数年际变化较大,总体呈上升趋势,存在4 a、7-8 a的周期振荡,其中热不舒适日数呈上升趋势,冷不舒适日数呈下降趋势;年平均人体舒适日数和热不舒适日数空间分布渝西南及渝东北日数较其他地区偏多,且存在季节性差异,而人体冷不舒适日数则相反。     

1961—2012年河南省夏季降水时空及环流特征

根据1961--2012年河南省111个气象观测站逐日降水资料,采用经验正交函数分解、小波分析等方法,研究了近52a河南省夏季降水的时空分布及环流特征。结果表明,河南夏季降水呈现从东南向西北减少的空间分布,淮河沿线为降水最多的区域,豫西和豫西北太行山一线为降水偏少区。全省夏季降水以全省偏多或偏少一致性为主,此外,还呈现南北反相、东西反相的分布特征。夏季降水存在多时间尺度的周期特征分布：在年代际变化尺度上,降水存在22a左右的周期,且在1977年后信号较强;年际变化尺度上以7a周期为主。在降水偏多年,中高纬存在一个东高西低的环流形势,有利于冷空气南下;低层有气旋式环流,高层有明显的东风环流,有利于水汽的聚集。在降水偏少年,环流形势相反,不利于夏季降水。     

Water sources of plants and groundwater in typical ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin

Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions （δ18O and δD） of soil water and shallow groundwater of a riparian forest, an artificial shrub forest, and Gobi of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin are used to study the recharge water sources of those ecosystems. IsoSource software is used to determine the δ180 values for root water of Populous euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in the riparian forest ecosystem, Haloxylon ammodendron in the artificial shrub forest, and Reaumuria soongorica in the Gobi, as well as for local soil water and groundwater, and precipitation in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Our results showed that soil water and shallow groundwater of the riparian forest and the artificial shrub forest were recharged by river water which originated from precipitation in the upper reaches, and strong evaporation occurred in the artificial shrub forest. Soil water of the Gobi was not affected by Heihe River water due to this area being far away from the river channel. The main water sources of Populous euphratica were from 40-60-cm soil water and groundwater, and of Tamarix ramosissima were from 40-80-cm soil water in the riparian forest ecosystem. In the artificial forest, Haloxylon ammodendron used 200-cm saturated-layer soil water and shallow groundwater. The Reaumuria soongorica mainly used soil water from the 175-200-cm depth in the Gobi. Therefore, soil water and groundwater are the main water sources which maintain survival and growth of the plants in the extremely arid regions of the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin.     

基于HHT变换的汾渭地震带中强地震活动特征分析

利用HHT方法,对汾渭地震带1965-2011年度最大地震时间序列进行逐级分解,得到4个本征模态函数（IMF）项和一个趋势项.分析各IMF分量不同周期成分,结果显示,汾渭地震带地震活动存在比较稳定的周期,具有一定的时变性.1965年以来,在IMF1-IMF4的时间尺度上汾渭地震带Ms≥4.0地震有5个活跃期,M≥4.0地震存在3年和7年左右的活动周期,还存在16年、23年、44年左右的弱活动期.     

滑坡危险性等级区划方法研究

以四川省地理环境条件为研究背景,根据相关单位提供的资料,对四川省滑坡危险性等级进行了区划研究。将地形地貌、地层岩性、断裂构造、河流水系、降雨量、地震烈度等6项作为滑坡的主要影响因素,采用模式识别方法进行滑坡危险性等级区划,对算法中所涉及到的危险系数计算公式、因子权重分析、阈值选取等进行了一系列控制试验,验证了算法的可行性以及降低算法中存在的不确定性。采用“识别率”和“改变率”2个准则来判断“分类结果作为新的训练集”,即RTS试验的收敛性,从而给出识别率高、改变率稳定的分类结果,以及能合理反映识别结果的最佳参数。通过3次逐级识别分类,将四川省滑坡危险度划分为7个等级,区划结果与实际滑坡发生情况吻合。本文方法同样适用于其它地区的滑坡危险性等级区划。