既找矿又开矿搞活地勘单位：赴疆考察的认识和体会

“六五”和“七五”期间,新疆地矿局强化了地质找矿的科学管理,充分发挥了地质科技在找矿中的先导作用,争取到了一个好的外部环境,取得了地质找矿的重大突破。他们既找矿又开矿,以找矿促开发,走找矿与开矿结合的道路,实行探、采、工、贸一体化,创造了搞活地勘单位,振兴地方经济的成功经验。     

A Basic Water Quality Model for the River Neckar: Part 2 – model‐based analysis of the oxygen budget and scenarios

In this paper the Basic Water Quality Model (BWQM) for the central part of River Neckar is used to analyse the oxygen budget and to assess the potentials of various measures to prevent or mitigate critical dissolved oxygen (DO) declines. It is shown that the oxygen budget is mainly governed by phytoplankton dynamics. The excessive growth of algae and the sudden break down of the resulting algal blooms may cause episodic DO depressions. Therefore, to stabilise the oxygen budget in a sustainable way, eutrophication has to be controlled within the central part of River Neckar and the upstream regions. The only feasible way to reach this goal appears to be a further drastic reduction of phosphorus emissions. In addition, it is indispensable to hold the very high standards of biochemical oxygen demand and ammonium retention at the wastewater treatment plants. A worse performance of the treatment plants would dramatically aggravate critical DO declines which may be caused by algae dynamics. As long as the oxygen budget is not completely stabilised, weir and turbine aeration can be used to mitigate DO depressions. It could be shown that the potentials of these measures suffice to keep DO at a tolerable level. However, due to the long travel times in River Neckar, it is important to start aeration up to several days before the DO minimum is reached.     

聊城市水资源可持续利用中存在的问题及对策浅析

聊城市属于资源性缺水地区,为实现以有限的水资源支持和保障经济社会的持续稳定发展,必须作好水资源可持续利用这篇大文章.本文分析了聊城市水资源特点及利用中存在的问题,并就实现水资源可持续利用应采取的工程与非工程措施进行了研究和探讨.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的神经网络模型在陕西省需水预测中的应用

神经网络模型是近年来在需水预测方面应用较为广泛的一种方法,在陕西省的需水预测中根据实际情况采用遗传模拟退火算法对其进行优化,预测的结果和其他预测方法进行对比,证明该方法预测的结果较为合理,能够在类似的预测中加以推广应用.     

莱芜市水资源分析及可持续利用对策探讨

随着国民经济和社会的发展,工农业生产和人民日常生活对水资源的需求量越来越大,对水质的要求越来越高,莱芜市水资源的供需矛盾日益突出.本文在对莱芜市水资源开发利用现状、供需分析以及开发利用中存在的主要问题进行全面分析的基础上,提出了莱芜市水资源可持续利用对策.     

铅锌资源供需形势分析及市场前景预测

从资源保证程度、找矿前景、冶炼原料和金属产品的生产与需求、市场价格的变化趋势等几个方面,对铅锌资源的国内外市场的供需形势进行分析,并对其未来5年的市场前景进行了初步的预测。     

水资源优化配置的研究与展望

目前全国水资源优化配置的研究依然停留在借鉴和摸索阶段,对水资源优化配置的主要任务、遵循的原则、配置方案以及未来的发展方向进行了探讨.     

Instabilities in the consumption and production for cobalt

Cobalt is obtained mainly as a byproduct of the mining and metallurgical processing of copper and nickel. The amount of minable cobalt has a characteristic supply limit, which is dependent upon demand for copper and nickel. It is considered that cobalt consumption will be affected by the amount mined in the near future, because world demand has been gradually increasing, while the production from copper sulfide ores in Zaire and Zambia, major producing countries, has decreased for political, economical and technological reasons. The world demand for cobalt has surpassed the world mine production, and cobalt sales from the National Defense Stockpile of the United States and exports from Russia and cobalt recovered from stockpiled intermediates contributed to the supply in 1994. It is concluded, from a statistical point of view, that this trend of shortage and high prices for cobalt will continue in the near future.     

INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.     

基于“S”规律的中国钢需求预测

本文基于人均钢消费量与人均GDP“S”形规律, 对典型发达国家工业化过程钢消费量峰值年份进行截面分析, 并依据我国经济增长发展目标厘定高、参考及低三种方案, 解析中国未来钢需求, 结论是: 按高增长方案, 我国人均钢消费峰值点将在2015年到达, 届时人均钢消费量480～500千克, 消费总量6.7～7亿吨; 按参考方案, 我国人均钢消费峰值点将在2015-2016年到达, 届时人均钢消费量430～470千克, 消费总量为6～6.5亿吨; 按低增长方案, 我国人均钢消费峰值点将在2017-2018年到达, 届时人均钢消费量400～440千克, 消费总量为5.6～6.1亿吨。