Mineralogical and geochemical features of bacterial mats and travertines of the Khoito-Gol thermal spring (East Sayan)

The mineralogical and geochemical features of the Khoito-Gol ecosystem (fresh thermal waters-microorganisms-travertines) of the Baikal Rift Zone and the aspects of the interaction among its components were studied. The research has shown that the behavior, distribution, and accumulation of trace elements are determined mostly by the geochemical barriers of geologic and biologic genesis in the flowing-water habitat of bacteria of the Khoito-Gol spring. Formation of biominerals by different functional groups of its bacterial community is considered.     

中国周边太平洋海底沉积物中分离的嗜温异养菌株的自养潜能

Microbial carbon fixation is a paramount process in the ocean especially below the photic zone both in water and sedimentary ecosystems. Autotrophic microbes that fix carbon dioxide are renowned. However, the question whether heterotrophs can also fix carbon is intriguing. Ten heterotrophically grown, identified bacterial isolates from the Sino-Pacific marine sediments were tested for autotrophic uptake potential with and without addition of electron donors. Nine of the ten isolates showed carbon uptake capacity without addition of any substrate at very low rates in the order of 10~(-8) to 10~(-4) fmol/(cell·h). The addition of manganese and ammonium at 1 mmol/L final concentration enhanced the uptake potential. Addition of 1 mmol/L final concentrations of reduced iron(10~(-6) to10~(-5) fmol/(cell·h) and sulfide(10~(-5) fmol/(cell·h) decreased the uptake potential significantly at p0.1. Bacterial tolerance to formaldehyde suggested propensities of anaplerotic chemical reactions that form metabolic intermediates of C-1 metabolism pathways. The isolates displayed high metabolic flexibility. With the changes in electron donors, the isolates metabolically toggled between relatively anoxic reductive iron/sulfur cycles and the oxidative cycles of manganese/ammonium and vice-versa. This property makes these microbes successful survivors in the highly dynamic Sino-Pacific sediments.     

仿刺参采苗板上细菌的分离与鉴定

为了解仿刺参采苗板时期细菌的多样性,对分离自仿刺参采苗板上的细菌进行了分离和鉴定。应用常规生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和构建系统发生树对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明:共分离得到19株海洋细菌,鉴定为7个属,包括短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus sp.)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)、Cobetia属、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia sp.)和海洋螺菌属(Oceanospirillaceae sp.)。从海洋环境中分离筛选细菌对海洋资源的开发与利用具有重要意义,此外对仿刺参育苗时期进行细菌种类的鉴定有助于疾病的预防和治疗,对仿刺参的水产养殖具有一定的指导意义。     

Molecular genetic diversity of bacteria in the bottom section of arctic sea ice from the Canada Basin

PCR-DGGE approach was used to analyze bacterial diversity in the bottom section of seven arctic sea ice samples colleted from the Canada Basin. Thirty-two 16S rDNA sequences were obtained from prominent DGGE bands. The closest relatives of these sequences are found to be those of cultivated or uncultured bacteria from antarctic or arctic sea ice. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these sequences or phylotypes within α- proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria and CFB (cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides) group. Sequences belonging to γ-proteobacteria were dominant and members of the CFB group were highly abundant. It was suggested that the CFB group was the representative of the bottom section of sea ice samples.     

南海油田烃类氧化菌生态分布初步研究

报道了冬季南海珠江口盆地4大油田(陆丰13-1油田、流花11-1油田、CACT惠州油田和西江30-2/24-3油田)烃类氧化菌的分布和变化状况。在所有站位都检出烃类氧化菌,数量介于3.00×104～2.05×105个/L。各油田平台附近的测值高;表层的测值高于10m层。烃类氧化菌的数量与水域中的营养盐含量及其它水质因子有一定的关系。     

水体中秋兰姆特效降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究

从某橡胶厂废弃物堆积场采集受秋兰姆污染的土壤中分离出TM₁、TM₂、TM₃ 3株单菌,分别加到一定浓度秋兰姆的模拟水中,通过实验优化出秋兰姆最佳降解条件,得出单菌株TM₁对水样中的秋兰姆降解能力最大。将3株单菌按一定方式混合制成T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄ 4组混菌,用单菌降解秋兰姆的最优条件对4组混菌进行降解性能实验,其中混菌T₁对秋兰姆降解率最高,降解率可达95.77%。     

Consequences of linseed oil spills in salt marsh sediments

In a simulated spill in a salt marsh, linseed oil penetrated rapidly into the sediments at a rate of 10(-7) cm2 s(-1). The oil concentration remained unchanged for the first month after the spill, but 60% of the oil disappeared from the top 30 cm after a further month. The oil adsorbed to and accumulated in the muddy sediments (top 15 cm) leading to decreased sediment permeability, pH, Eh, abundance of plant roots and infauna and to the establishment of anoxic conditions. These changes accompanied transformations in the original fatty acid composition of the linseed oil, mainly associated with a decrease in 18 : 3omega3, an increase in the other fatty acids and the presence of 'new' fatty acids. A rapid increase in the abundance of heterotrophic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and aerobic oil degrading bacteria, suggested that these micro-organisms degraded the oil. The role of the bacteria in oil degradation was confirmed in laboratory experiments where the fatty acids composition of the linseed oil underwent identical transformations to those obtained in the field. The degradation of linseed oil appears to be a sequential process initiated by aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria and continued by sulphate reducing bacteria, which were unable to degrade the raw oil.     

Mercury and lead tolerance in hypersaline sulfate-reducing bacteria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) HSR1, HSR4, and HSR14 isolated from the salt pans of Goa grew best at 90-100/1000 salinity on substrates like formate, acetate, lactate, butyrate, ethanol and benzoate. They were gram negative, non-sporulating, non-motile rods lacking in desulfoviridin and cytochromes. Examination of these isolates for heavy metal tolerance and response studies in terms of growth and sulfate-reducing activity (SRA) were carried out using HgCl2 and Pb(NO3)2 at final concentration of 50, 100, and 200 and 100, 200 and 500 microg ml(-1) respectively. With Hg, HSR1 showed approximately 80% of the control's growth at 100 and 200 microg ml(-1) but SRA reached only 60% of the control values at the end of 14 days. HSR14 could reach >100% of the control's growth at 200 microg ml(-1) but the SRA reached only up to 60% of the control without metal at 100 microg ml(-1). Though the concentration of Pb was double that of Hg, HSR4 could grow and respire better than the control, the growth being stimulated by 160% and respiration by 170% in the presence of 500 microg ml(-1) of Pb(NO3)2. It is probable that some hypersaline SRB are more tolerant to heavy metals than the mesohaline counterparts and could be more effectively used for precipitating these metals in bioremediatory measures. Further examination of their responses to varied concentration of metals under different salinities would indicate their range of applicability.     

Applicability and Limits of Bioremediation of Contaminated Groundwater by Organic Compounds

IntroductionDuring the past two decades much of the em-phasis in groundwater investigation and managementin industrialized countries has sllifted from problemsof groundwater supply to consideration of groundwa-ter quality. This new step is a direct reacti…     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Quantity of Food Available for Benthic Suspension-feeders in the Golfo Marconi (North-western Mediterranean)

Suspended particulate matter was collected, from the water layer at 10 cm above the sediments, over a period of 13 months in the Golfo Marconi (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean). Measurements of seston concentration as well as the elemental (particulate organic carbon and nitrogen; POC and PON, respectively) and biochemical composition (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, DNA) of particulate organic matter were carried out to assess quality and quantity of food potentially available to benthic suspension-feeders. Particulate organic matter showed wide qualitative and quantitative variations during the sampling year. Seston concentrations and POC did not reflect the quantity and quality of the food available to benthic suspension-feeders. The biopolymeric fraction of particulate matter (C-BPF, i.e. the sum of lipid, protein and carbohydrate carbon) was mostly composed of phytoplankton (which accounted for about 60% of C-BPF). The ratio of C-BPF to POC was utilized as a measure of the fraction which had the potential to be more readily available to consumers. Suspended organic matter showed higher values of the C-BPF:POC ratio during spring, and lower values in summer and autumn–winter. Quantitative estimates of the energy content of the suspended particulate matter were obtained from its biochemical composition. Bacterial dynamics were significantly related to changes in phytoplankton biomass. Bacteria accounted for a significant fraction of the biopolymeric carbon pool (annual average about 15%) and of the total particulate DNA (21·5%), thus enhancing the nutritional value of the particulate organic matter. The results achieved in this study indicate that the biochemical composition of the particulate matter provides additional information on the origin, quality and characteristics of the seston more readily available to benthic suspension-feeders.