Measurement of the photodissociation coefficient of NO2 in the atmosphere: II,stratospheric measurements

The photodissociation coefficient of NO₂, J _{NO 2}, has been measured from a balloon platform in the stratosphere. Results from two balloon flights are reported. High Sun values of J _{NO 2} measured were 10.5±0.3 and 10.3±0.3×10^-3 s^-1 at 24 and 32 km respectively. The decrease in J _{NO 2} at sunset was monitored in both flights. The measurements are found to be in good agreement with calculations of J _{NO 2} using a simplified isotropic multiple scattering computer routine.     

Research Status and Progress of Balloon-borne Cloud and Precipitation Particles Probe

The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles, which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes, the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors, light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles, key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition, cloud remote sensing method establishment, cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization, and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected, which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development.     

Measurements of Powder Snow Avalanches- Laboratory -

Laboratory simulation of powder snow avalanches serves for the validation of numerical models and as a tool in its own right for consulting and research purposes. Two-phase gravity currents are simulated in water with quartz powder or glass spheres as the particle phase. Particle-phase velocity profiles and particle-phase volume fraction profiles are measured with an ultrasonic device. The experimental setup and the current state of the measurement technique are described and preliminary results are presented.     

1987年1月8日甘肃迭部5.9级地震与地形变特征

根据１９８７年１月８日甘肃迭部５．９级地震前，该区域的地壳形变中长期背景和定点台站连续观测资料的震反应异常，分析研究了这此异常的变化特征。     

~(231)Pa测量法在铀矿普查勘探中的应用

本文系统地介绍了~(231)Pa测量法在某些方面应用的研究成果,主要包括:在普查阶段鉴别地面放射性测量的异常,在勘探阶段研究不平衡铀矿床以及在地质研究工作中测定某些近期地质事件发生的年代。另外,还给出了一些实例。     

拱形波纹钢屋盖动力特性测试及分析

拱形波纹钢屋盖是一种新颖的金属拱形薄壳结构，在我国已经得到了广泛的应用。由于结构的复杂性，目前有关的理论研究尚不够深入，动力研究还很少有人涉及。以18m和30m两种跨度的W666型拱形波纹钢屋盖为研究对象，测试了拱在竖向平面内振动时的频率、振型及阻尼。在所提简化计算模型的基础上，采用有限元方法计算了结构的动力特性，其结果与试验数据符合较好。测试和分析结果为该结构的动力反应研究提供了方便。     

青藏高原腹地现今地应力测量与应力状态研究

青藏高原腹地现今构造活动强烈，为了解强烈构造活动下的应力背景，我们在五道梁、风火山、雁石坪和安多不同构造部位的四个测点采用压磁应力解除法进行了现场应力实测工作，测量深度12～20m.测量结果表明, 最大主应力方向总体为北东向，与地质、地震以及大地测量等方面的研究成果基本吻合；最大主应力量值为36～68MPa（安多测点除外），与其他地区测量结果相比，属于中等偏高；安多测点最大主应力方向为北西西向，最大主应力量值为81MPa，与其他测点有较大差别，反映了板块缝合带附近现今应力状态的复杂性.     

Changing poverty distribution in Bolivia: the role of rural–urban migration and urban services

Bolivia is a country with high levels of poverty and inequality among its peoples and regions. For the nation and its urban and rural areas, trends in the social and spatial distribution of poverty (and extreme poverty) are identified from 1976 to 2003 using UBN data with minor support where appropriate from poverty lines. The main survey between 1992 and 2001 uses composite and selected UBN to track detailed poverty change for the country’s nine departments, its ten largest cities and a selection of other smaller urban and rural municipalities. Because of rising background increases in population in the various surveyed administrative units, many instances of relative reductions in poverty are accompanied by rising absolute increases. Marked spatial variations in poverty and development in the country over the last several decades are identified as the main driver for the country’s quickening pace of rural–urban migration. As a result, the paper concludes by assessing two different but closely related views. One investigation tests the notion that because more poor people have been living in Bolivia’s cities than in its rural areas since the mid to late 1990s, rapid rural–urban migration has simply shifted the locus of poverty from the countryside to the cities in a process called, the ‘urbanisation of poverty.’ A second, more challenging, investigation assesses the view that the flow of poor rural people to the better serviced urban areas of Bolivia has actually acted to alleviate national poverty levels.     

山东长岛黄土沉积物的磁性与碳酸盐特征及其环境意义初探

通过对长岛沉积物采样和磁性测试,分析和讨论了长岛黄土沉积物的磁性特征:该剖面磁性矿物的含量并不是很高,且以亚铁磁性矿物为主,磁性矿物的粒度主要以细粒为主,亚铁磁性矿物的变化在沉积物磁性变化中占主导地位.通过对沉积物磁性特征和碳酸盐特征的对比发现:该剖面沉积物磁化率和碳酸盐具有很好的对应关系,并且明显表现出4个阶段的主要变化,对应了暖湿和冷干的气候旋回.根据沉积物的磁化率与古气候环境的内在联系,结合碳酸盐含量变化情况,对该地区风成沉积物的物源变迁及环境演变也进行了初步探讨和分析.