ADCP资料处理中的船速计算

船载ADCP具有走航测流的特点,弥补了传统测流仪器只有停船才能观测的不足。它可以同时观测多层海流数据,获取连续性资料。ADCP测得流速是海水相对于船体的速度,在正常观测条件下,船速远大于海水流速,因而船速计算是ADCP资料处理的关键。本文对不同的船速计算方法进行了比较,对使用参考层法计算船速的原理、特点和效果进行了论述。     

底栖生物生产力现场测试系统(BCSPM)的建立及其初步实验结果

为对生态系统的健康评估及底栖生物资源的开发利用提供技术支撑,在胶州湾筏式养殖水域,建立了底栖生物生产力现场测试系统(BCSPM),并在光照和黑暗条件下测定了沉积物海水界面溶解氧随时间的变化、计算了氧通量、估算了底栖总初级生产力和群落呼吸。在光照较强的中午时刻测定的群落总生产力为20．76mgCm^-2h^-1;养殖水域沉积物中的群落呼吸要高于邻近水域。BCSPM整体运转良好,初步结果为系统的改进和进一步实验提供了依据。     

渤海的平均余环流

利用72个渤海石油平台、站点测流资料,阐明了渤海的平均余环流特征,并用已有的数值计算结果阐明了其形成机制。观测表明在黄河三角洲近海存在一支北-东北向的流动,可抵达秦皇岛附近水域,数值计算表明该支流动主要是潮生的;在辽东湾北部存在一顺时针向的涡旋运动,在冬半年该涡旋是风生的;在渤海湾北部存在潮生的逆时针向的余环流。     

Study of A Geo-Acoustic Model of Gas-Bearing Sediment and Its Application in Sediment with Low Acoustic Velocity

A new geo-acoustic model for gas-bearing sediment is proposed based on the work of Dvorkin and Prasad, and Biot theory. Only five geophysical parameters: sediment mineral composition, free gas saturation, tortuosity (also known as the structure factor), permeability, and porosity, are considered in the model. A benefit of this model is that we need only five parameters instead of ten parameters in the Biot’s formulas for acoustic velocity and attenuation calculation. Here the model is demonstrated with the in-situ experimental data collected from the Hangzhou Bay, China. The results of this study suggest that free gas content in sediment is the most critical condition resulting in a low acoustic velocity (compressional wave). The respective contributions of the other four parameters in the model are also discussed.     

行星际等离子区对火星探测器距离观测量的影响

根据Muhleman和Anderson在1981年给出的行星际空间等离子体密度模型,模拟计算了行星际等离子区对8GHz电波的距离延迟与太阳-地球-航天器夹角(SEP)和光路径长度(L)的关系。结果显示,在本文的模拟条件下,距离延迟随SEP和L从几毫米变化到几十米。最后,分别仿真了一条地火转移轨道和环火星轨道,计算了两种情况下行星际等离子区延迟对测站到航天器距离观测量的影响。     

基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究

无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的新型测量方法,具有高效率、高精度、非接触、大范围等优点。本研究采用多旋翼无人机,结合精确测定的地面控制点,实现了对新月形沙丘群三维形态的精确测量。结果表明：无人机倾斜摄影测量的均方根误差小于18 mm,可以满足大比例尺地形测量的要求。利用该技术获取的多种测量参数表明,新月形沙丘二维与三维形态之间存在良好的相关性,基于这些关系,可以实现二维遥感影像量测结果向沙丘高度、沙丘体积等三维参数的转换。沙丘剖面形态可以采用非线性函数精确描述,为沙丘形态精确建模提供了参考。无人机倾斜摄影技术获取的沙丘三维形态参数,对于深入认识沙丘形态动力过程具有重要参考价值。     

地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型研究

地图概括是实现多比例尺地图生产和更新的一种重要理论方法。目前,国际国内制图学界对地图概括的研究主要集中在发展地图概括算法方面,在地图概括的质量评价方面的研究还很少。为此,本文以信息论为理论基础,以地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递问题为研究对象,以相应空间目标几何信息的传递效率来度量地图概括中单个空间目标的概括质量。首先,建立了地图概括的空间信息传递模型,描述不同比例尺地图之间空间信息的传递过程。进而提出了地图概括过程中空间目标(即:线和面目标)几何信息的传递模型,并且对地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递状况进行了评估,给出了具体的计算和实现方法。最后,通过实验初步验证了地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型的可行性。     

用重复重力测量测定垂线偏差时变的精度

列举两种垂线偏差时变测定的微分公式,从理论上对用重复重力测量的方法测定垂线偏差时变的精度进行了探讨．在目前情况下,垂线偏差时变测定精度可以达到0．005＂．远区域的点对它的影响可以忽略不计,通过对重力网的模拟计算,进一步得到验证．探讨了有效积分半径对垂线偏差时变测量精度的影响,并在此基础上讨论了重力网优化的问题．     

Errors and correction of precipitation measurements in China

In order to discover the range of various errors in Chinese precipitation measurements and seek a correction method, 30 precipitation evaluation stations were set up countrywide before 1993. All the stations are reference stations in China. To seek a correction method for wind-induced error, a precipitation correction instrument called the ＂horizontal precipitation gauge＂ was devised beforehand. Field intercomparison observations regarding 29,000 precipitation events have been conducted using one pit gauge, two elevated operational gauges and one horizontal gauge at the above 30 stations. The range of precipitation measurement errors in China is obtained by analysis of intercomparison measurement results. The distribution of random errors and systematic errors in precipitation measurements are studied in this paper. A correction method, especially for wind-induced errors, is developed. The results prove that a correlation of power function exists between the precipitation amount caught by the horizontal gauge and the absolute difference of observations implemented by the operational gauge and pit gauge. The correlation coefficient is 0.99. For operational observations, precipitation correction can be carried out only by parallel observation with a horizontal precipitation gauge. The precipitation accuracy after correction approaches that of the pit gauge. The correction method developed is simple and feasible.