塔河油田2区三叠系油藏类型初步探讨

塔河油田2区三叠系油藏是西北分公司开发较早的碎屑岩油藏之一,开发层系有上油组、中油组,油柱高度在15～20m,储层为辫状三角洲相辫状三角洲前缘亚相水下分流河道、河口坝、分流间湾微相沉积,非均质性严重。本区上油组砂体厚度40～0m,中油组25～35m,分布较稳定,物性为中孔、中高渗储层,原油属低粘度轻质油。但2区三叠系油藏实钻变化大,见水快、产量递减快、含水上升快、采出程度低,开发效果较差,经过多次调整虽有一定程度改善,仍存在一些问题。本文认为2区三叠系油藏开发效果较差的原因之一是对本区油藏类型的认识上存在问题即2区三叠系油藏是以断裂控制的断块油藏而非背斜油藏,并延伸分析正在投入开发评价的S96-T901井区、TK232-T453井区及T206-T208井区等都为断块（断背斜）油藏。应用断块油藏的观点对塔河地区三叠系油藏勘探开发有重要指导意义。     

松辽盆地宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙结构及其影响因素

通过镜下观察,宋芳屯油田扶杨油层孔隙类型较多,以粒间孔为主。细管压力曲线上看,曲线较陡,分选差,孔隙结构特征参数总体上较差,与孔隙度、渗透率有一定的关系,大的孔隙对渗透率的贡献最大。扶杨油层的孔隙结构较复杂主要由于成岩作用影响,压实作用使孔隙空间显著缩小,胶结作用和自生粘土矿物生长使孔隙进一步缩小和复杂化,后期的溶蚀作用使孔隙空间增加。     

数值模拟技术在海坨子油田开发调整研究中的应用

讨论分析数值模拟技术在海坨子油田开发调整研究中的思路和方法,采用美国Landmark公司VIP2003．4版本数值模拟软件包进行模拟研究,通过参数准备,静、动态拟合,模拟出海坨子油田海S9—11井组1—9砂组各小层剩余储量大小及不同阶段流体饱和度分布,结合可视化技术形象描述了海坨子油田剩余油变化规律及潜力区,在此基础上预测不同井网加密方式开发指标,并优选出最佳方案,为海坨子油田下步开发调整提供了重要依据,取得了较好的效果。     

Oil and gas resource assessment: The linkage between geological analysis and discovery process model results

Two widely-used techniques to estimate the volume of remaining oil and gas resources are discovery process modeling and geologic assessment. Both were used in a recent national assessment of oil and gas resources of the United States. Parallel estimates were obtained for 27 provinces. Geological-based estimates can typically see into areas not available to discovery process models (that is areas with little or no exploration history) and thus, on average, yield higher estimates. However, a linear relation does exist between the mean estimates obtained from these two methods. In addition, other variables were found in a multiple regression model that explained much of the difference. Thus, it is possible to perform discovery process modeling and adjust the estimates to yield results that might be expected from geological-based assessments.     

华北典型箕状断陷盆地层序地层学模式及其与油气赋存关系

本文根据层序地层学的基本原理,立足东部箕状断陷盆地的特点,以冀中拗陷和二连盆地为重点研究对象,提炼出陆相断陷盆地层序地层学模式,在缓坡带,以风暴浪基面作为“陆架边角”的参照物,层序地层特征相似于海相被动大陆边缘背景;在陡坡带则截然不同,并以湖面与边界断裂的交点取代“陆架边角”,各体系域所含沉积体系与海相模式不尽相同,在盆地形成初期的层序,低水位体系域发育,湖泊消亡以后,主要发育高水位体系域。此外,本文还探索了层序地层与油气赋存的关系,指出富砂的“盆底扇”是今后勘探开发的重要方向。     

珠江口盆地西江主洼油气差异分布机制

西江主洼是珠江口盆地一个低勘探程度洼陷，油气差异聚集特征明显，但其机理不清。本文在断陷盆地油气成藏理论指导下，利用研究区地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，开展了烃源岩、断盖组合、储集体系和运聚模式等方面的研究。结果表明，裂陷期沉降、沉积中心有序迁移，造成主力烃源岩自东向西由文四段迁移至文三段、文一+二段，控制东、西部油气差异分布。恩平组区域性泥岩发育且晚期断裂缺乏，导致油气纵向上更易聚集于下构造层；区域泥岩减薄尖灭或晚期断裂切开盖层的区域，上构造层有一定油气分布。"源-汇"类型从宏观上控制储层优劣，影响下构造层油气富集程度；"仓储"运移是控制上构造层油气规模聚集的主要模式。下构造层古近系应作为重点部署方向，东部围绕文四段、西部围绕文三段、文一+二段烃源岩构成的含油气系统展开；上构造层勘探需关注珠海组，在隆起周边寻找具备"仓储"运移模式的有利区带。     

The American whale oil industry: A look back to the future of the American petroleum industry?

The American whaling industry rose from humble beginnings off Long island to become an international giant. In its peak year, 1846, 735 ships and 70,000 people served the industry. As whale stocks and reserves decreased, whalers were forced to go farther and farther from their New England home ports. Voyages became longer, and risks on required return-on-investment became higher. The easy money of Atlantic and Pacific whaling was no more: the only remaining profitable ventures were to Arctic and Antarctic waters. Many ships returned empty, if at all. in 1871, most of the Arctic whaling fleet was crushed by early winter ice and lost. This calamity, in conjunction with the long-term diminishing whale stocks, the diversion of investment capital to more profitable ventures, and the discovery, development, and refinement of abundant petroleum crude oil, struck the death blow to the American whaling industry. By 1890, only 200 whaling vessels were at work, and by 1971, no American commercial whaling ship sailed the world's oceans.It is apparent that no single event caused the final, rapid decline. However, a single calamity, in an already stressed industry, that was self-insured and commercially interlinked, precipitated the end. Today's American petroleum industry, although adopting some principles of the American whaling industry, also has embraced other activities such as work process reengineering and customer alliances, which may preempt, or postpone, a similar catastrophic demise.     

综合利用地震多参数预测油气藏

以吉林省境内红星构造带(已发现油田)和杨柳青构造带(未发现油田)为试验区,首先利用地震地层学方法,研究间接参数特征,确定有利相带和有效圈闭,并在有效圈闭上选择了39个2×2cm时窗。在时窗内提取与地震波动力学有关的信息,即频率、振幅、频谱能量等,然后对这种信息进行统计计算,获得振幅方差等九个参数并对其进行综合分析,从已知油气藏出发,对未知圈闭油气状况进行了三级预测,指出了最有利的勘探靶区。     

PCBs and OCPs in sediments from Hongfeng Reservoir in Guizhou Province, China

In this research, chlorinated hydrocarbons （polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides） were measured by GC-ECD in sediments from the Hongfeng Reservoir area. The concentrations of total PCBs range from 3.2 to 31.6 ng/g, among which PCB28, PCB52 are the major congeners with the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.6 ng/g, and from 0.4 to 28.1 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of these pollutants decrease from surface to bottom, while the concentrations at 1-4 cm are lower than at 5-8 cm, suggesting the decline of PCBs input. TOC concentrations of sediment are found in a significant positive correlation with those of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs are mainly adsorbed on organic matter and particles. HCHs and DDTs are the predominant organochlorine pesticides with the concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ng/g （average 3.2 ng/g） and 0.9 to 25.7 ng/g （average 7.8 ng/g）, respectively. β-HCH and γ-HCH （lindane） are the predominant HCH isomers from sediments, and p, p＇-DDE and p, p＇-DDT are the predominant DDT isomers. DDT/DDE＋DDD and α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios range from 0.6 to 0.9 and 0.1 to 3.0, respectively, which indicates more use of lindane than technical mixtures of HCHs before, and also suggests changes in HCHs and DDTs in the environment. The high values of β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE also show that atmospheric input is one of the important sources of the Hongfeng Reservoir, because β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE are stable and have low Sw and Pv so that they can be easily transferred over a long range in atmosphere.