Experimental study on slender reinforced concrete columns wrapped with CFRP

By axial compression tests on 6 reinforced concrete slender columns wrapped with carbon fiberreinforced plastic （ CFRP）, with slenderness ratio（SR） from 4. 5 to 17.5, the results show that when SR increases the retrofitting effect declines. In the case of same SR, the stability coefficient （ SC ） for the reinforced concrete（RC） columns with CFRP is much less than that without CFRP. There is 20% increase of stable bearing capacity to the former as compared with the latter when the SR in less than 17.5. The study summarized the simplified formula for SC, which provides a reference for engineering designers.     

直读拖曳式光纤光栅温度剖面测量系统

针对我国对海水温度剖面的测量需求,在分析已有方法优缺点的基础上提出了一种新的方法——光纤温度剖面连续测量系统.此测量系统以光纤光栅传感器为测量单元,采用波分复用的方式串接在一起组成船载拖曳链,再通过甲板上的解调终端实时显示所测物理参量,从而实现分布式实时测量.这种方法能够以低成本快速高效获得高分辨率的海水温度剖面分布情况,为海洋探测提供丰富有效的数据.课题组设计制作了拖曳链系统的甲板机及60 m长的拖曳链,并在青岛近海进行了拖曳海试,实时获取了试验数据,达到了预期效果.     

Uncertainties in the preparation of Ra Mn fiber standards

Delayed coincidence counters (RaDeCC), used for measuring ²²³Ra and ²²⁴Ra preconcentrated from water onto MnO₂-impregnated acrylic fiber (“Mn-fiber”), require a standard Mn-fiber column that has a precisely known activity of ²²⁴Ra for calibration. This may be done by adding an aged ²²⁸Th standard solution to adsorb both ²²⁸Th and its daughter ²²⁴Ra quantitatively onto a Mn fiber. We used both seawater and deionized water (DIW) for testing the adsorption efficiency of Th and Ra onto Mn fibers. Our experimental results show that more than 50% of thorium (²³²Th and ²²⁸Th) breaks through the Mn-fiber column when DIW is used as a medium. However, near quantitative recoveries are obtained if filtered (0.45 μm) seawater is used to prepare the standard. In the case of pure DIW, the pH (initial pH  5.3) rises to > 10 after passing through the column while seawater (initial pH  7.8) changes to  7.2. Thus, the lack of thorium adsorption in DIW may be attributed to this huge increase of pH and the consequent formation of Th(OH)₄ and polyhydroxyl colloids. Based on these observations, we recommend that one should use either artificial seawater or natural seawater (which has negligible ²²⁴Ra and ²²⁸Th) as a loading solution after 0.45 μm filtration. In addition, the thorium adsorption efficiency should be confirmed either by thorium analysis of the effluent solution or long-term monitoring of the supported ²²⁴Ra on the Mn fiber using the RaDeCC. Similar cautions are likely necessary for making ²²³Ra standards by adsorption of ²²⁷Ac onto Mn fibers.     

一种用于深海光缆打捞剪切的新型设备

在国内外深海光缆线路维修中,由于现有专用设备性能的局限,对海光缆的打捞一直是一项耗时、耗财、耗力且难度较大的作业。文章介绍了一种以双握切割、两端同持方式剪切打捞海缆的新型设备,它不仅能在2 000 m水深的海底对海光缆进行可靠剪切,还能在剪切后将海缆的两个断头牢固握持,并自行辅接深海打捞所需的钢缆。证明了使用该设备可取代常规打捞的断头打捞,不仅大大提高了维修工作效率,更有效地提高了维修打捞工作的安全性和可靠性。     

Effect of Long-term Experimental Warming on the Nutritional Quality of Alpine Meadows in the Northern Tibet

The nutritional quality of grasslands is closely related to recruitment of young and population dynamics of livestock and wild herbivores. However, the response of nutritional quality to climate warming has not been fully understood in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the Northern Tibet. Here, we investigated the effect of experimental warming ( beginning in 2008) on nutritional quality in three alpine meadows (site A: 4313 m, B: 4513 m and C: 4693 m) in the Northern Tibet. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude ash (Ash), ether extract (EE) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) were examined in 2018-2019. Experimental warming only increased the content of CP by 27.25%, ADF by 89.93% and NDF by 41.20%, but it decreased the content of Ash by 57.76% in 2019 at site B. The contents of CP and WSC both increased with soil moisture (SM). The content of CP decreased with vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The combined effect of SM and VPD was greater than air temperature (T_a) in controlling the variations of the CP content, ADF content and nutritional quality. Compared to T_a, VPD explained more of the variation in NDF and Ash content. All of these findings suggest that warming effects on nutritional quality may vary with site and year, and water availability may have a stronger effect on the nutritional quality than temperature in the alpine meadow of the Northern Tibet.     

活性炭纤维吸附水中对硝基苯酚的行为

研究了pH和盐对活性炭纤维吸附对硝基苯酚的影响,测定了其吸附等温线,分析了吸附热力学和动力学.结果表明,pH对吸附影响较大,pH为4.3时,吸附量最大.氯化钠的存在对吸附有利.Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程更好地描述活性炭纤维吸附对硝基苯酚的行为,表明此吸附可能存在多分子层吸附,此吸咐是优惠吸附,低温有利于吸附;此吸咐是放热的物理吸附,也是一自发的过程.假二级反应动力学模型很好地拟合吸附动力学实验数据.     

黄原胶和玄武岩纤维改良黄土抗压强度试验研究

为改良黄土强度低、易变形破坏的工程特性,在黄土中掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维,通过无侧限抗压强度试验探究黄原胶含量和玄武岩纤维加筋率及养护龄期对黄土抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明：与素土相比,分别掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维均能提高土体抗压强度和一定程度延性;混合掺加黄原胶和玄武岩纤维时,土体的抗压强度和延性都会提高明显。根据正交试验得到,掺加1.5%黄原胶和0.6%玄武岩纤维时,改良土体的抗压强度最大。     

深部软岩巷道喷射钢纤维混凝土支护技术

针对深部软岩的基本特征, 提出了深部软岩巷道支护的新思路, 即改变现有的锚喷作业顺序, 并通过在素喷混凝土中掺入适量钢纤维的方法来改善混凝土的整体力学性能, 使之更好地适应软岩巷道大变形的需要。借助数值模拟, 进行了支护方案的对比分析, 并提出了合理的支护方案。     

Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal properties of lignin fiber-stabilized loess under freeze-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

冻融循环作用是造成寒区工程病害的主要因素之一。为探究冻融循环对木质素纤维改良黄土力学和热学的影响,通过轻型击实试验、冻融循环试验、不固结不排水三轴剪切试验、热常数分析试验和X射线衍射试验,以木质素纤维掺量、冻融循环次数和围压为变量展开研究。结果表明：随着掺量的增加,改良黄土的最大干密度降低,最优含水率升高;随着冻融循环次数的增加,试样的应力-应变曲线由应变硬化型向应变弱软化型转变;试样的质量损失率、破坏强度、弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角和导热系数均随着冻融循环次数的增加呈下降趋势,在经历第1次冻融循环后衰减率最高,并且总是在掺量为5%时达到最大值;试样的破坏强度和黏聚力在经历6~9次冻融循环后趋于稳定;黄土及掺量为5%的改良黄土在X射线衍射分析中成分相似,未发现新的物质生成,因此,木质素纤维是一种绿色的物理固化材料。该研究成果可为寒区土体加固提供新思路。     

既有建筑物基础托换技术中的钢管纤维桩工法

钢管纤维桩工法是建筑物基础托换技术中较为先进和实用的工法。目前在国内托换工程实践领域应用还比较少,现行的相关规范尚未专门涉及。钢管纤维桩工法具有施工快捷,质量可靠,对基础土层及周围建筑物扰动小的特点,特别适合既有建筑物的基础托换工程（特别是旧城改造和古建筑物地基加固工程）,是一种值得推荐的建筑物基础托换技术。文中全面介绍了这种工法的特点、设计以及施工环节,并结合成功的实例,展示了该工法的实际工程应用效果。