养殖扇贝大面积死亡的原因及对策

养殖扇贝大面积死亡的主要原因：养殖量超过了养殖容量，种质退化，赤潮，富营养化，极端的理论环境，疾病等。针对以上原因提出了合理规划养殖面积及密度，推行贝类健康养殖技术；进行扇贝选育种；加强海洋环境监测、病害防治等对策。     

扫描电镜分析在大气颗粒物源解析中的应用

扫描电镜法作为大气颗粒物源解析的辅助方法,为源解析研究提供了定性和半定量的依据。运用扫描电镜法对吉林市采暖期和非采暖期的大气颗粒物样品以及源样品进行定性和半定量分析,将分析结果与CMB8.2化学质量平衡受体模型源解析结果进行比较,两者具有一致性。吉林市采暖期对TSP贡献较大的是扬尘和土壤风沙尘,非采暖期对TSP贡献较大的是土壤风沙尘和建筑尘。     

南京东护城河鱼类死亡原因分析与对策探讨

1997年9月针对南京市东护城河养殖鱼类大量死亡进行调查研究，结果表明鱼类死亡是由于河底富含有机物的淤泥在高温季节分解消耗大量氧气、释放铵氮所致，而养殖鱼类结构不合理也是导致鱼产量下降的一个重要因素。     

深埋TBM施工输水隧洞结构的三维仿真分析

考虑围岩材料的弹塑性,引入有限元程序中的生死单元,建立了可模拟隧洞开挖过程的围岩三维仿真模型,求得了深埋隧洞围岩变形的分布模式;并在此基础上,采用接触模型和库仑摩擦模型模拟管片接头的非线性连接作用,建立了TBM隧洞管片结构的三维仿真模型,分析在不同工况（施工期、运行期、检修期）、不同围岩类型以及不同衬砌时机下管片的应力应变特征,为输水隧洞的适时衬砌和安全运行提供了依据。     

上扬子地区晚三叠世层序地层格架：扬子地台消亡与上扬子前陆盆地形成的地层学效应

发生在中、晚三叠世之交的印支运动,在中国南方表现为以下构造事件:1秦岭-大别造山带的形成与隆升,记录了华北板块与华南板块的对接碰撞;2中国南方东南部1300km宽的陆内造山带的强烈作用,以及由此造成的前陆褶皱逆冲带的北西向迁移。在上述构造事件的结果,结束了扬子地台自埃迪卡拉纪以来以作为一个稳定的古地理单元而且大多数时间发育浅水碳酸盐岩的沉积历史。在扬子地台消亡之后形成一个特别的上扬子前陆盆地(或四川前陆盆地),其中堆积了以河流沉积为特征的须家河组及其相关地层。以河流沉积为特征的须家河组及其相关地层,在川西地区覆盖在马鞍塘组台地碳酸盐岩和小塘子组陆棚至滨岸相砂页岩地层之上,向东、向南逐渐超覆尖灭,从而形成了一个特殊的上三叠统层序地层格架,这个特殊的层序地层格架记录了扬子地台的消亡和上扬子前陆盆地的形成和发育过程。就像黔西南地区在中三叠世台地边缘再生的晚三叠世前陆盆地以及该盆地中填充的特别的上三叠统一样,上扬子前陆盆地上三叠统层序地层格架,尤其是河流沉积为特征的须家河组特别的沉积趋势(从相对集中发育煤层的高可容纳空间低能河流沉积、演变到河道砂岩聚合作用为特征的低可容纳空间高能河流沉积的序列,所组成的沉积层序)所组成的冲积构架,以及逐渐从西向东、从北向南的逐渐超覆尖灭的空间分布,不但是了解扬子地台消亡和上扬子前陆盆地形成的重要物质记录,而且代表了前陆盆地充填序列中一种较为特别的河流相层序地层序列。     

Estrogen receptor (ER) agonists and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in effluents from Norwegian North Sea oil production platforms

The in vitro estrogen receptor (ER) agonist and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist potencies of offshore produced water effluents collected from the Norwegian Sector were determined using recombinant yeast estrogen and androgen screens. Solid phase extraction (SPE) concentrates of the effluents showed E2 agonist activities similar to those previously reported for the United Kingdom (UK) Continental Shelf (<0.1-4 ng E2 L(-1)). No activity was detected in the filtered oil droplets suggesting that produced water ER activity is primarily associated with the dissolved phase. Targeted analysis for methyl- to nonyl-substituted alkylphenol isomers show the occurrence of known ER agonists in the analysed samples. For the first time, AR antagonists were detected in both the dissolved and oil associated phase at concentrations of between 20 and 8000 microg of flutamide equivalents L(-1). The identity of the AR antagonists is unknown, however this represents a significant input into the marine environment of unknown compounds that exert a known biological effect. It is recommended that further analysis using techniques such as bioassay-directed analysis is performed to identify the compounds/groups of compounds that are responsible in order to improve the assessment of the risk posed by produced water discharges to the marine environment.     

Modulation by Biogenic Amines for the Hemocyte Count and Prophenoloxidase Exocytosis via Receptors in Litopenaeus vannamei

Hemocyte counts and phenoloxidase(PO)activity were examined after hemolymph being incubated in dopamine(DA),noradrenaline(NE)and serotonin(5-HT).Results showed that all the three biogenic amines(BAs)had a significant impact on total hemocyte count(THC),differential hemocyte count(DHC),and intracelluar and extracelluar phenoloxidase(PO)activity.Among these Bas,DA had the strongest effect on the above parameters,whereas 5-HT had the least effect.Preincubation with D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390,D2 receptor a...     

福州市片林和草坪细根生长与死亡的季节动态

细根的净生长与周转在城市绿地地下碳过程中具有至关重要的影响。本研究采用微根管法与土钻法相结合,对福建省福州市市区内城市绿地细根生长死亡及其净生产量的季节动态进行研究。结果表明:1)城市片林与城市草坪的细根生长死亡的季节动态明显,且季节动态模式相似。2)气温和降水因子对于城市片林和草坪的细根生长量及死亡量的影响不同。细根的死亡除了与气温、降水等因子有关之外,还与其他因子密切联系。3)城市片林与城市草坪的细根净生产量的季节动态有所不同,且片林的细根年净生产量大于草坪。4)城市片林和草坪的细根年净生产量小于天然森林和天然草原,这可能与人为管理措施的影响以及不同研究方法的偏差有关。     

Endocrine effects of methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in three in vitro models

Methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) in aquatic environments have been found to be primarily of natural origin in the marine environment and not from biotransformation of synthetic PBDEs. Two of the eight MeO-PBDEs (2′-MeO-BDE-68 and 6-MeO-BDE-47) that were detected in anchovy from the Yangtze River Delta, were natural products from marine organisms. So 2′-MeO-BDE-68 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 were chosen to study the potential to modulate androgen, estrogen, or thyroid hormone receptor- (AR, ER, ThR) mediated responses by use of reporter gene assays. 2′-MeO-BDE-68 was antiandrogenic at 50 μM, estrogenic at 10 μM and antiestrogenic at 10 and 50 μM (IC₅₀ = 4.88 μM). 2′-MeO-BDE-68 enhanced luciferase expression by 5 nM T3 at 50 μM. 6-MeO-BDE-47 exhibited potent antiandrogenicity at 1 μM and greater (IC₅₀ = 41.8 μM) and possessed estrogenic activity at 10 μM and antiestrogenic activity at 10 and 50 μM (IC₅₀ = 6.02 μM).