Flood frequency analysis of southern Africa: II. Identification of regional distributions

Abstract

Regional frequency analysis of annual maximum flood data comprising 407 stations from 11 countries of southern Africa is presented. Forty-one homogeneous regions are identified. The L-moments of the observed data indicate that the possible underlying frequency distributions are Pearson type 3 (P3), lognormal 3-parameter (LN3), General Pareto (GPA) or General Extreme Value (GEV). Simulation experiments for the selection of the most suitable flood frequency procedure indicate that Pearson type 3/Probability Weighted Moments (P3/PWM) and log-Pearson type 3/Method of Moments (LP3/MOM) are suitable procedures for the region.     

Monitoring wetland ditch water levels in the North Kent Marshes,UK, using Landsat TM imagery and ground-based measurements

Abstract

An understanding of hydrology is a prerequisite for ensuring the successful management, conservation and restoration of wetland environments. Frequently, however, little is known about historical hydrological conditions, such as water levels, within wetlands. Moreover, many channel and ditch systems in wetlands are not routinely monitored, except perhaps for research purposes. A methodology is presented herein which makes use of satellite imagery to indirectly provide remotely sensed observations of water levels within channels and ditches. Using multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery and simultaneous ground-based measurements of water levels, statistical relationships are established between satellite-derived effective wet ditch widths and measured water levels in the drainage system of the Elmley Marshes, southeast England. These relationships can be used subsequently to estimate historical ditch water levels and to monitor contemporary ditch water levels in the wetland. The study shows that satellite imagery has much to offer in monitoring changes in the hydrological regime of wetlands and in providing complimentary approaches to field monitoring.     

基于变网格聚类的离群数据的研究

随着计算机技术的迅速发展,计算机在过程控制中起着越来越重要的作用,在集散控制系统中,上位机通过PCU(Process ControlUnit)传送来的数据进行分析处理而后对PCU实现参数整定、报警与管理。因此这一领域的数据挖掘方法研究具有十分重要的意义。文章将根据这一领域的特殊情况,提出一种基于变网格的聚类分析算法分析过程数据库中的离群数据,从而实现系统的预测报警功能。     

Geo-scape,a granularity depended spatialization tool for visualizing multidimensional data sets

Recently,the expertise accumulated in the field of geovisualization has found application in the visualization of abstract multidimensional data,on the basis of methods called spatialization methods.Spatialization methods aim at visualizing multidimensional data into low-dimensional representational spaces by making use of spatial metaphors and applying dimension reduction techniques.Spatial metaphors are able to provide a metaphoric framework for the visualization of information at different levels of gran...     

融合多元遥感信息的新右江次级活动断裂解译

提出了融合多光谱影像、全色影像、DEM等多元遥感信息的断裂特征增强方法,建立了以地形和水体的空间特征变化为基础的断裂解译标志,解译并发现桂西北巴马-马山断裂带和右江断裂带之间存在一条北西向展布、长约40km的新的右江次级活动断裂,结合野外地震地质调查进行了验证。多元遥感信息融合处理中,将KL变换、HIS变换、乘积变换、比值变换、小波变换等融合方法进行了全面比较,对融合后影像进行主分量分析,确定了乘积变换融合的影像增强方法和解译底图,显著突出了活动断裂特征。     

矢量河网渐进式传输的多尺度表达模型

矢量河网数据渐进式传输是制图综合的逆过程,从几何特征出发化简曲线的方法忽略了曲线的形态特征。鉴于此,以曲线轴线为基准,基于曲线弯曲层次化提取河流曲线数据,并将提取的曲线数据分层组织,构建结合目标层和几何细节层的河网多尺度表达模型。基于该模型开发了矢量河网数据的渐进式传输系统,验证了该方法的有效性。     

国家地理空间信息基准框架工程建设

提出了国家地理空间信息基准框架内改进与更新原有的大地坐标基准、高程基准和重力基准的建设道路及解决原则。     

傅里叶变换在深州井资料处理中的应用

深州井水位日常观测中,经常会因为仪器供电不稳、雷击等原因出现一些幅度很大的脉冲、突跳及数据缺测,严重影响了观测资料的内在质量。本文采用数字信号处理技术[1]对深州井水位资料进行分析处理,首先使用分段线性插值法对缺测数据进行插值处理,然后用快速傅里叶变换对水位数据进行频谱分析,绘制振幅谱,分析水位数据中的不同周期成分,选取恰当的截止频率进行滤波处理,去除了干扰,获得了井水位的变化动态,提高了资料质量。最后应用滤波后的水位数据做一些震例分析。     

地下管网空间数据模型的建立与应用

城市综合地下管网系统作为城市地理信息系统的重要组成部分是城市科学规划，管理和辅助决策等工作的重要工具，本文结合昆明市综合地下管网信息系统设计和开发的实际工作，探讨了地下管网空间数据模型的建立和应用。