Exploratory spectral analysis of hydrological times series

Current methods of estimation of the univariate spectral density are reviewed and some improvements are made. It is suggested that spectral analysis may perhaps be best thought of as another exploratory data analysis (EDA) tool which complements, rather than competes with, the popular ARMA model building approach. A new diagnostic check for ARMA model adequacy based on the nonparametric spectral density is introduced. Additionally, two new algorithms for fast computation of the autoregressive spectral density function are presented. For improving interpretation of results, a new style of plotting the spectral density function is suggested. Exploratory spectral analyses of a number of hydrological time series are performed and some interesting periodicities are suggested for further investigation. The application of spectral analysis to determine the possible existence of long memory in natural time series is discussed with respect to long riverflow, treering and mud varve series. Moreover, a comparison of the estimated spectral densities suggests the ARMA models fitted previously to these datasets adequately describe the low frequency component. Finally, the software and data used in this paper are available by anonymous ftp from fisher.stats.uwo.ca.     

高级汉字地震位图绘制软件（SACWSBP）

文中主要介绍位图文件的生成方法及其用该法编制的高级汉字地震位图绘制软件（ＳＡＣＷＳＢＰ）的功能及可能应用。该软件可绘制正式使用的地震图。并着重讨论了了地震位图文件中心；线等基本图形函数的实现，地震图形软件的编制，图形显示，文字标注，汉字输入、与现有中文系统的接口、打印输出，高级汉字地震位绘制条件的功能，特点及其应用情况等，是获得高级精美的地震图形的一种途径，具有较强的实用价值。     

地震台实用数据库软件的建立及应用

该软件主要用于地震台站的大量数据处理及行政管理，全部用关系式数据库ＤＢＡＳＥⅢ编写，在主菜单的控制下，根据各个工作性质及需要选择适合自己的子菜单。它主要包括两大部分：（１）台站行政管理系统，（２）观测资料管理系统，以及每部分下相应的分支。     

关于发展我国地震科技信息工作的思考

地震科技信息的积累和应用是我国地震科学事业发展的基础，我国的地震信息工作在地震预报的探索和研究中以及地震工程应用中，均发挥了重要的作用，为进一步认识地震科技信息的重要性，发展这一事业，本文就地震科学研究与地震科技信息的内在联系，地震科技信息的运行机制及地震科技信息工作的发展提出了一些新的观点。     

数字卫星云图估算面雨量的应用试验

使用云分类降水率估计的方法，有静止气象卫星数字云图进行面雨量估算。对１９９３年８月４日华北南部一次降水过程的实测雨量与估算结果的对比分析表明，这种估算方法对雨区的差别有相当高的精度，对雨量的估计有一定的参考价值。     

改进型反褶积分层解释法——一种应用PC～1500计算机处理γ测井资料的新方法

本文吸取了现行Υ测井资料解释方法的合理部分,提出了改进型反褶积分层解释法。叙述了方法的原理及设置判别因子的原则。作者以PC-1500微机为例给出了改进后的反褶积分层解释法程序流程图。通过对模型钻孔和实际钻孔测井资料的解释,证实了方法的合理性和可行性,克服了目前平均强度法中存在的人为影响,扩大了一般分层解释法的应用范围,该法可在现场及时取得结果,提高了解释速度和质量。     

A FORTRAN Program for tabulating and naming amphibole analyses according to the International Mineralogical Association Scheme

Summary Amphibole analyses input to program AMPHTAB (optionally with H₂O, F, Cl, minor elements and one or both of Fe₂O₃, FeO), are output in conventional column tables, with formula units, complete IMA names, and extensive messages indicating the quality of each analysis. AMPHTAB accepts data-files ranging from a single amphibole analysis to (in principle) unlimited batched data-e.g., multiple analyses from each of numerous probe sections. Options are provided to reallocate total Fe in probe data between Fe³ and Fe², to allow for common analytical problems (e.g., low H₂O values), and to enable the number of oxygens in the formula unit to be either preset or assigned automatically. Results for 57 probe analyses are compared with an unpublished BASIC program, which uses a different Fe-reallocation method. Three-quarters of the IMA names resulting from the two programs are essentially identical, despite somewhat different estimated formula units. The remainder are borderline cases, where incidental changes in formula units effect disproportionate differences in name.

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Ein FORTRAN-Programm zum tabellieren und benennen von amphibolanalysen entsprechend dem Schema der International Mineralogical Association

Zusammenfassung In das Programm eingegebene Amphibolanalysen (wahlweise mit H₂O, F, Cl, Spurenelementen und Fe₂O₃, und/oder FeO), werden in Form herkömmlicher Spaltentabellen mit den Formeleinheiten, vollständigen IMA-Namen und ausführlichen Bemerkungen bezüglich der Analysenqualität ausgegeben. Das AMPHTAB-Programm verarbeitet Datensätze von einer einzigen Amphibolanalyse bis zu (im Prinzip) unbegrenzten Datenblöcken; z. B. Mehrfachanalysen eines Probenabschnittes von mehreren. Es sind die Möglichkeiten vorgesehen, das Gesamteisen in einer Analyse in die Fe³ und Fe²-Anteile umzurechnen, allgemeine analytische Probleme (z. B. niedrige H₂O-Gehalte) zu lösen und die Anzahl der Sauerstoffatome in der Formeleinheit entweder vorzugeben oder automatisch setzen zu lassen. Die Resultate von 57 Mikrosonden-Analysen sind mit einem unveröffentlichten BASICProgramm, das eine andere Methode zur Aufteilung des Fe-Gehaltes benutzt, verglichen worden. Drei Viertel der von den beiden Programmen vorgeschlagenen Mineralnamen sind identisch, trotz einiger unterschiedlich berechneter Formeleinheiten. Die übrigen 25% sind Grenzfälle, bei denen zufällige Veränderungen in den Formeleinheiten unverhältnismäßige Unterschiede in der Benennung bewirkten.

     

Digital modeling studies for evaluation of hydrogeological characteristics in Shadnagar granite basin,Andhra Pradesh,India

The use of digital models has increased significantly in recent years with the accessibility of fast computing machines. A variable dimensioned digital model was constructed for the Shadnagar granite basin using SPECTRUM-7 micro computer to integrate various hydrogeological characteristics and for their quantitative evaluation. The basin has an areal extent of 437 sq km and is demarcated with clear water divides in all directions. Transmissivity, recharge and discharge at each cell of the basin area were estimated by trial and error simulation of the hydrogeological phenomenon under steady state condition. Dynamic simulation at representative nodes facilitated the estimation of storage coefficient. The capability of the constructed model was established by the conformance of the simulated hydrographs with the actual behaviour of the ground water system. The entire studies ammended the earlier arrived estimates of various input/output hydrogeological parameters and evolved a methodology for efficient processing of aquifer simulation data     

方差分量估计方法在ERS—2卫星精密定轨中的应用

将方差分量估计（VCE）方法应用于ERS－2卫星的精密定轨,用SLR和PRARE资料计算了1998年前3个月的23个长度为5天的弧段（除了调整轨道的时段外,相邻弧段有两天的重叠）,从观测值残差分析和重叠弧段比较两个方面,考察VCE方法对定轨计算的影响,并给出了各组观测值的平均验后均方差,对观测值残差的分析表明,使用VCE方法明显地改善了观测值的拟合程度,但从阿卑（Abbey)标准对观测值残差的检验结果来看,使用VCE方法不能消除轨道中由力学模型和几何模型误差引入的系统差,重叠弧段比较的结果表明：（1）使用VCE方法缩小了重叠弧段的平均距离差,并改善了一部分权段明显不合理的偏离,使最后得到的轨道具有更均匀的精度,（2）相比较而言,VCE方法使相邻弧段靠拢的趋势在轨道切向体现得较为明显,由各组观测值的平均验后方差可见,说单个标准点观测值而言,部分SLR台站的观测资料在定轨计算中占有比其他观测资料更重的地位,纵观全文,使用VCE后得到的观测值的平衡验后均方差来确定资料的双重将比使用均方差更为合理。     

海底X射线荧光探测系统的软件研制

基于Windows98操作平台,结合软件工程的设计原则和面向对象的程序设计方法,用Visual Basic 6.0开发了海底X射线荧光探测系统软件（EDXRF^MS)。该软件能完成数据处理及运算,主要解决谱数据的采集与测量控制、成图和图形处理、X射线荧光谱分析、干扰因素的校正、仪器标定与含量计算等问题。EDXRF^MS软件与海底X射线荧光探测系统的硬件配合,能够进行海上现场多道数据的实时采集,对于海底矿产资源的开发具有一定的实用价值。