基于“多规合一”的市级国土空间优化方法——以烟台市为例

针对现阶段各规划边界交叉、空间重叠的问题,本文从提高空间价值、减少空间破碎度和协调各类空间的角度出发,在梳理现有空间优化模型及智能算法的基础上,改进多目标规划模型并适应性改造遗传算法,以此二者构建市级国土空间优化模型。以烟台市为例,设置3种情景为决策者提供方案集进行3类规划主导下的2020年国土空间优化研究,结果显示：①优化后烟台市农业、城镇和生态空间价值分别增加了23.24%、29.27%、6.30%;②不同情景下空间分布合理且较为集中,生态保护情景有利于国土空间集合连片,经济发展情景更适合于多空间协调发展。研究表明：该模型能有效地解决国土空间内容重叠问题,明显提高了国土空间价值,同时优化模型适应性强,为“多规合一”背景下市级国土空间优化提供技术支撑。     

求解Radon变换改进Fourer算法的误差分析

本文将对求解Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的改进Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ算法进行误差分析,证明了在Ｌ２范数下改进Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ算法是收敛的且具有Ｏ（１／ｑ）敛阶,其中２ｑ为像素点矩陈阶数。     

频率测探正演滤波算法及算例

通过对频率测深理论的研究，提出了水平电偶极场视电阻率改进滤波算法，并编制了正演计算的实用程序。理论模型计算表明，改进滤波算法 效果好，计算速度快。     

Tripod measured residual currents and sediment flux: Impacts on the silting of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang Estuary

Four bottom-mounted instrument-equipped tripods were deployed at two sections spanning the region characterized by severe sedimentation rates in the Deepwater Navigation Channel (DNC) along the North Passage of Changjiang Estuary in order to observe currents, near-bed suspended sediment, and salinity. Seaward residual currents predominated in the up-estuary section. In contrast, a classical two-layered estuarine circulation pattern occurred in the down-estuary section. Flow moved seaward in the upper layer and a heavier inflow, driven by the salinity gradient, moved landward in the lower layer. The near-bed residual currents in the up-estuary section and the down-estuary section acted in opposing directions, which implies that the region is a convergence zone of near-bed residual currents that trap sediment at the bottom. The maximum salinity gradient at the maximum flood current indicates the presence of a strong front that induces sediment trapping and associated near-bottom convergence of sediment, which explains the high sedimentation rates in this section of the estuary.     

基于光谱角匹配算法的水体信息提取研究

针对水体信息提取时,传统算法不能较好地解决山体阴影被误提为水体的问题,引入多用于高光谱数据处理的光谱角匹配算法,以Land-sat8 OLI(band1-band7)为数据源,以黄河小浪底水库周边区域为实验区,开展水体信息提取研究,结果显示:水体指数法和波段关系提取的结果中有大量的山体阴影信息,提取精度不超过30%,而光谱角匹配法提取结果受阴影的影响较小,提取精度在99%以上。     

从地震层析速度确定原位岩土力学参数

地震纵横波层析成像速度与岩土弹性力学参数有关,多道面波分析（MASW）采用类似二维反射地震处理,得到共中点互相关道集（CMPCC）提取面波频散曲线,由面波频散曲线反演二维速度结构,在岩土结构分层等方面有良好的效果。通过同一剖面的折射地震波层析成像得到纵波速度结构,对岩土层的动弹模量和泊松比等力学参数进行分析,为下一步地质工程设计及岩土力学试验提供参考。     

Sensitivity of a hydraulic model to channel erosion uncertainty during extreme flooding

Recent research into flood modelling has primarily concentrated on the simulation of inundation flow without considering the influences of channel morphology. River channels are often represented by a simplified geometry that is implicitly assumed to remain unchanged during flood simulations. However, field evidence demonstrates that significant morphological changes can occur during floods to mobilize the boundary sediments. Despite this, the effect of channel morphology on model results has been largely unexplored. To address this issue, the impact of channel cross‐section geometry and channel long‐profile variability on flood dynamics is examined using an ensemble of a 1D–2D hydraulic model (LISFLOOD‐FP) of the ~1 : 2000 year recurrence interval floods in Cockermouth, UK, within an uncertainty framework. A series of simulated scenarios of channel erosional changes were constructed on the basis of a simple velocity‐based model of critical entrainment. A Monte‐Carlo simulation framework was used to quantify the effects of this channel morphology together with variations in the channel and floodplain roughness coefficients, grain size characteristics and critical shear stress on measures of flood inundation. The results showed that the bed elevation modifications generated by the simplistic equations reflected an approximation of the observed patterns of spatial erosion that enveloped observed erosion depths. The effect of uncertainty on channel long‐profile variability only affected the local flood dynamics and did not significantly affect the friction sensitivity and flood inundation mapping. The results imply that hydraulic models generally do not need to account for within event morphodynamic changes of the type and magnitude of event modelled, as these have a negligible impact that is smaller than other uncertainties, e.g. boundary conditions. Instead, morphodynamic change needs to happen over a series of events to become large enough to change the hydrodynamics of floods in supply limited gravel‐bed rivers such as the one used in this research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进PSO-SVM的噪声稳健建筑物变形监测方法

对高层、超高层建筑物进行实时,高精度的变形监测对提前预防安全隐患,保证人民生命财产安全具有重要意义.建筑物变形作为一种典型的随机性和微弱性过程,噪声等误差的存在会影响从中提取有用的变形信息.针对该问题,提出一种改进粒子群(ParticleSwarmOptimization,PSO)算法优化支持向量机(SupportVe...     

基于蚁群规则挖掘算法的多特征遥感数据分类

蚁群算法作为一种新型的智能优化算法,已经成功应用在许多领域,然而应用蚁群优化算法进行遥感数据处理则是一个新的研究热点。蚁群规则挖掘算法是基于分类规则挖掘进行分类,能够处理多特征的数据。因此,论文将蚁群规则挖掘算法应用到多特征遥感数据分类处理中,并采用北京地区的Landsat TM和 Envisat ASAR数据作为实验数据,对选择的遥感数据进行了多特征分类实验。实验结果分别与最大似然分类法、C4.5方法进行对比,分析表明:1)蚁群规则挖掘算法是一种无参数分类的智能方法,具有很好的鲁棒性,2)能够挖掘较简单的分类规则;3)能够充分利用多源遥感数据等。它可以充分利用多特征数据进行土地覆盖分类,从而能够提高分类的效率。