高速铁路客站模态特征分析与阻尼模型的注记

针对"房桥合一"高速铁路客站质量、刚度分布严重不均匀、不同阻尼比构件繁多等特点,对其模态特征和用于时程法阻尼模型的确定进行了研究。通过位能加权激励原理和位能公式的阐述、天津西站II区的模态分析与振型分解时程法的应用,并以此为标准进行了5种不同瑞利阻尼比例系数时程法的响应比较。结果表明:位能加权法激励为各模态的振型响应,求得阻尼为振型阻尼,结构模态质量累计数突变发生在第9阶,选择第1,9阶振型确定的瑞利阻尼比例系数较合理。振型分解时程法的振型阻尼可基于振型响应的位能加权法确定,直接时程法的瑞利阻尼宜选择第1阶与模态质量累计数发生突变的振型来确定,可供结构设计与分析参考。     

Performance spectra based method for the seismic design of structures equipped with passive supplemental damping systems

A new direct performance‐based design method utilizing design tools called performance‐spectra (P‐Spectra) for low‐rise to medium‐rise frame structures incorporating supplemental damping devices is presented. P‐Spectra are graphic tools that relate the responses of nonlinear SDOF systems with supplemental dampers to various damping parameters and dynamic system properties that structural designers can control. These tools integrate multiple response quantities that are important to the performance of a structure into a single compact graphical format to facilitate direct comparison of different potential solutions that satisfy a set of predetermined performance objectives under various levels of seismic hazard. An SDOF to MDOF transformation procedure that defines the required supplemental damping properties for the MDOF structure to achieve the response defined by the target SDOF system is also presented for hysteretic, linear viscous and viscoelastic damping devices. Using nonlinear time‐history analyses of idealized shear structures, the accuracy of the transformation procedure is verified. A seismic performance upgrade design example is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method for achieving design performance goals using supplemental damping devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动荷载作用下Kerr地基梁稳态响应解答

研究Kerr地基上的均质Euler-Bernoulli梁在移动集中荷载作用下的稳态响应,分析有无阻尼存在时列车速度、地基压缩刚度、剪切刚度对Kerr地基梁挠度曲线的影响。计算结果表明,地基阻尼的存在能明显减少移动荷载引起的地基梁挠度,地基梁的挠度受地基压缩刚度的影响比剪切刚度更为明显。     

长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震台网监测能力分析

位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州康定市内大渡河干流的长河坝—黄金坪水电站,为大渡河流域开发中,以长河坝、大岗山、瀑布沟等形成主要梯级格局开发方案中,"三库22级"水电站中的第10和11级电站,其地震监测台网也采用梯级设计方式,长河坝—黄金坪上下游水库地震监测台网统一设计、建设及监测,共享同一地震监测能力。通过对监测设备的技术指标、台基地噪声水平和震级—频度对数关系的分析,结果表明,长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震固定台站建成后,地震监测能力达到并优于设计的理论监测能力,地震监测震级达到下限为M_L 0.5的设计要求。     

重庆主城区粉质黏土动力特性研究

采用自振（共振）柱和动三轴试验方法,得到重庆主城区粉质黏土动剪切模量和阻尼比随剪应变变化试验结果,比较分析试验值、文献[1]给出的推荐值和文献[2]给出的规范值的差异,并通过土层反应计算初步给出了这种差异对地表反应谱的影响,结果表明：(1) G/Gmax-γ关系中,规范值在中等应变时给出的G/Gmax比试验值和推荐值低;大应变时,相比较于试验值和推荐值,规范值衰减更快;(2) 相比较于λ-γ关系,G-γ关系经过Gmax归一化后,更具有一致性,粉质黏土阻尼离散性较大;(3) 试验值和推荐值计算的地表反应谱相差较小,但试验值和规范值计算的地表反应谱相差较大,特别是在随着输入地震动强度增大,这种差异性更显著。分析表明,重庆主城区进行土动力计算过程中,当无土动力特性试验资料时,选用规范值具有一定的局限性和风险,相比较于规范值,推荐值在一定程度上更具适用性。     

应变累积对黏土动剪模量和阻尼比影响的试验研究

通过对比试验,研究了分级循环加载试验中的应变积累现象,分析其对土动剪模量和阻尼比的影响,并指出：由于剪切应变的积累,分级循环加载试验得出的滞回曲线随着加载级数的增加,而沿着剪应变轴逐渐发生平移,但其形状特性并未发生变化。讨论了分级加载试验数据处理的方法,试验结果表明：先前的较小幅值荷载作用下产生的累积应变对后继较大幅值荷载下测得的动剪模量和阻尼比影响较小。最后,分析了分级循环加载试验方法的意义。     

不同频率循环荷载作用下岩石阻尼比试验与变形破坏机制细观分析

通过对取自海南昌江核电厂一期工程主厂区的黑云母花岗岩,在RMT－150B多功能全自动刚性岩石伺服试验机进行单轴不同频率的循环加卸载试验,研究花岗岩动应变-应力滞回曲线、动弹性模量和阻尼比同循环频率之间的规律,然后对破坏断裂断口进行细观电镜扫描试验,分析了不同频率下花岗岩断口细观形貌与结构特征。结果表明,花岗岩在循环荷载作用下的加卸应力-应变曲线并不重合,而是形成一个封闭的滞回环;当循环频率在0.01～1.0 Hz范围内变化时,随着频率增大,花岗岩滞回环面积、动弹模和阻尼比都增大;通过细观数字图像试验分析发现,循环荷载作用下,随着频率的增大,岩石断口细观裂纹总的数目、面积、分形维数均变大。文中给出不同频率循环荷载作用下岩石破裂的细观损伤力学机制,研究成果对海南昌江核电厂的地震反应分析和场地安全性评价有着重要参考价值。     

固结比对石灰土动力特性的影响试验研究

以石灰改性膨胀土为研究对象,结合铁路路基实际的非等向固结状态,考虑了不同固结比或偏应力对石灰改性膨胀土动力特性的影响。通过循环振动三轴试验,对掺灰比为3 %石灰改性膨胀土,在选定的6组固结比下表现出的动力特性进行了研究,得出了固结比或偏应力的变化对其产生的影响。在研究的固结比范围内,随着固结比和偏应力的增大,石灰土的动弹模量显著地增大;阻尼比则相应地表现出减小的趋势,但所受影响程度较之动弹模量略小。     

双向近场地震作用下HDR隔震梁桥地震响应研究

以HDR隔震梁桥多自由度（MDOF）模型和等效双线性单自由度（SDOF）模型为研究对象，以典型近场地震动作为输入，研究HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线呈典型双线性；考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积小于不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积。不考虑双向耦合效应的顺桥向HDR支座位移峰值d_b大于考虑双向耦合效应时，但横桥向的结果相反。近场地震作用下，对梁桥进行HDR支座隔震设计时，忽略双向耦合效应计算得到的墩底剪力峰值和弯矩峰值均偏于保守。可忽略HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥近场地震能量的影响。     

Soil‐pile interaction in the pile vertical vibration considering true three‐dimensional wave effect of soil

The dynamic response of an end bearing pile embedded in a linear visco‐elastic soil layer with hysteretic type damping is theoretically investigated when the pile is subjected to a time‐harmonic vertical loading at the pile top. The soil is modeled as a three‐dimensional axisymmetric continuum in which both its radial and vertical displacements are taken into account. The pile is assumed to be vertical, elastic and of uniform circular cross section. By using two potential functions to decompose the displacements of the soil layer and utilizing the separation of variables technique, the dynamic equilibrium equation is uncoupled and solved. At the interface of soil‐pile system, the boundary conditions of displacement continuity and force equilibrium are invoked to derive a closed‐form solution of the vertical dynamic response of the pile in frequency domain. The corresponding inverted solutions in time domain for the velocity response of a pile subjected to a semi‐sine excitation force applied at the pile top are obtained by means of inverse Fourier transform and the convolution theorem. A comparison with two other simplified solutions has been performed to verify the more rigorous solutions presented in this paper. Using the developed solutions, a parametric study has also been conducted to investigate the influence of the major parameters of the soil‐pile system on the vertical vibration characteristics of the pile. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.