粤东汕尾岬间海滩剖面月内日变化过程特征分析

运用经验特征函数方法，结合逐日实测波浪、潮汐及剖面冲淤变化资料，对粤东汕尾寮咀口岬间海滩重复测量的剖面数据加以分析。结果表明，海滩的月内日变化过程可客观地通过对应于2个最大特征值的2个经验特征函数来描述：1）第1经验特征函数表征主要的海滩剖面过程，称为要模式，它是响应叠加在月潮汐周期性循环上的波浪动力作用；2）第2经验特征函数反映了海滩剖面快速变化过程，称为次要模式，它又可分为前滨上部过程、冲淤过渡段及后演上部过程。     

Estimating Daily Egg Production of European Anchovy in the Adriatic Sea: A Critical Appraisal

Abstract. We discuss the critical problem of estimating daily egg production in the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM), a widely used technique for the stock assessment of multiple spawning pelagic fishes. Data collected in 1999 for the stock of European anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) in the Southern Adriatic Sea are used to study the effects of different calibration techniques. We analyze the performances of the mortality model from which daily egg production is estimated. All these calibrations are based on the Bootstrap method. Nonlinear fitting (vs. linear regression on log-transformed data) is shown to guarantee more reliable parameter estimation. We show that specifying the function assigning age to staged eggs is crucial.     

Studies on rickettsia-like organism (RLO) disease of tropical marine pearl oyster-Epidemiological investigation of RLO disease in juvenile populations of maricultured Pinctada maxima

The death which occurred in juvenile population was a severe problem in the course ofPinctada maxima artificial culture. With the methods of field investigation, histological study and statistic analyses, the epidemiological study was carried out on the disease and death in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima in the Xinying Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingao County (for the A, B and C batches of cultured juveniles hanged in the sea) and the Xincun Pearl Oyster Mariculture Farm of Lingshui County (for the D batch of cultured juvenile hanged in the pond), Hainan Province from November 1993 to April 1995.The results show that the deaths which occurred in juvenile populations of Pinctada maxima presented an outbreak pattern. The peak of mortality rates, in general, occurred in 4-to 6-month old pearl oyster juveniles, and the mortality rates gradully declined with the extention of pearl oyster age after cul-turing 8 months. The correlation between the mortality rates of juvenile populations and mean     

基于日SPEI的近55 a西南地区极端干旱事件时空演变特征

利用1960~2014年中国西南地区141个气象台站的逐日气象资料,引入一个新的干旱指数——逐日标准化降水蒸散指数（日SPEI）,对极端干旱事件的年代际、年际、季节内变化及持续性特征进行了分析,结果表明：空间上,近55 a西南春季和年极端干旱程度呈一致的减弱趋势,重庆、四川与贵州的交界处及四川西北部极端干旱程度明显缓解,而夏、秋两季极端干旱表现出增强的趋势并有一定的区域性特征。时间上,春季和全年极端干旱频率、强度和持续天数逐渐减少,春季极端干旱的减弱程度较全年明显;夏、秋两季极端干旱频率、强度和持续天数呈增加趋势,夏季极端干旱的加重趋势比秋季明显。从极端干旱事件的持续性来看,20世纪60年代和21世纪初（2000~2014年）西南遭受的极端干旱最严重,持续期达60 d以上的站点分别占到站点总数的60%和73%。     

超高层建筑施工监测内容及技术体系研究

超高层建筑施工监测(即第三方监测)对于检核施工质量,保障施工安全具有重要意义。目前,超高层建筑施工监测存在缺乏统一、规范的内容及技术体系,激光投点时对塔体摆动影响关注不够等不足。为此,在采用多种先进仪器设备,构建超高层建筑施工监测较完备科学的内容体系和技术体系,并解决以上缺点。文中对基准平面控制网的建立与维护,施工控制网竖向传递复测,轴线检测,电梯井、核心筒垂直度测量,施工控制网高程基准竖向传递检测,建筑物沉降观测等6方面内容做系统阐述,研究成果已成功应用于广州市多栋超高层建筑施工监测中,具有重要示范意义。     

磁扰日日变改正的最小二乘谐波建模实现方法

采用最小二乘法代替傅里叶系数计算公式来确定谐波系数,使用若干个磁静日的谐波系数均值作为磁扰日的谐波系数,再取一定截断阶数的傅里叶级数作为太阳静日变化模型。以此进行地磁观测数据中太阳静日变化和磁扰的分离。然后对日变站太阳静日变化进行地方时差校正得到测点处的太阳静日变化,将其与地磁扰动一起用于测点的日变改正。通过台站数据的计算结果分析了模型的截断阶数、日变站与测点间的经度差等因素对日变改正精度的影响,并对比了此方法与扰日法的改正效果。结果说明了此方法的合理性与可行性。     

Preserving Continuity of Long-Term Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperature Observations with Automation of Reference Climate Stations using Overlapping Data and Meteorological Conditions

The seasonal-by-wind bias method for aligning time series of daily maximum and minimum temperatures from past conventional staffed and new automated sites using closely collocated, overlapping observations is presented for twenty-two modernized Reference Climate Stations in Canada. The method consists of adjusting for incompatible observing times and deriving biases from the daily “manual-minus-automated” temperature differences classified into seasons and wind-speed conditions. Most of the biases vary with the season, and many show limited wind dependency. Four sets of adjusted time series are prepared based on two-year and five-year overlapping data and on seasonal bias with or without wind conditions; the adjusted data are compared with the original observations. Based on the mean of the absolute differences and examination of box plots, the results show that, for this particular set of stations, the two-year versus five-year and seasonal versus seasonal-by-wind bias adjusted time series are overall similar. The largest contribution to the improvements in the adjusted observations came from matching the times of observation. Additionally, daily temperatures are adjusted using statistical methods applied with neighbouring station data but no overlapping observations at collocated stations; it is concluded that these do not necessarily resolve the bias between staffed and automated sites.     

Magnetospheric currents and estimation of theSq focal latitude

The average latitude of theSq(X) focus along the longitude 75°E has been estimated using the Tsyganenko model (Tsyganenko, 1981) of the external magnetic field for storm time conditions of the magnetosphere. It is observed that the shift of the focal latitudes, due to magnetospheric currents, is only about 1 to 2° even during strong storms. It is also shown that the shift is asymmetric about the equator and longitude dependent. The day to day changes in observed focal position are much larger and the magnetospheric currents cannot, therefore, be regarded as a dominant mechanism of focal movement.The paper was presented at the IAGA General Assembly meeting held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, during August 1985.     

An introduction to quiet daily geomagnetic fields

On days that are quiet with respect to solar-terrestrial activity phenomena, the geomagnetic field has variations, tens of gamma in size, with major spectral components at about 24, 12, 8, and 6 hr in period. These quiet daily field variations are primarily due to the dynamo currents flowing in theE region of the earth's ionosphere, are driven by the global thermotidal wind systems, and are dependent upon the local tensor conductivity and main geomagnetic field vector. The highlights of the behavior and interpretation of these quiet field changes, from their discovery in 1634 until the present, are discussed as an introduction to the special journal issue on Quiet Daily Geomagnetic Fields.