塔里木巴楚小海子正长岩杂岩体的岩石成因探讨

巴楚小海子正长岩杂岩体是二叠纪塔里木大火成岩省的重要组成部分.SIMS锆石U-Pb定年显示其形成于279.7±2.0Ma,与本区辉绿岩脉和石英正长斑岩岩脉近于同时侵位.根据矿物学特征,小海子正长岩体可分为铁橄榄石正长岩和角闪正长岩两类.前者主要由碱性长石、铁橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石和少量石英、斜长石组成,后者主要由碱性长石、角闪石、黑云母和少量的石英、斜长石组成.小海子正长岩体为铁质、碱性系列,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土亏损,具有明显的Eu正异常,无Nb、Ta负异常,相对低的(87Sr/86Sr);(0.7033 ～0.7038)和正的εNd(t)值(+3.1～+3.8),暗示它们来自亏损的地幔源区,没有地壳物质的加入.主微量和同位素地球化学分析,暗示巴楚小海子正长岩的母岩浆为碱性的幔源玄武质岩浆经橄榄石、单斜辉石分离结晶后的残余熔体,并且含有堆晶的碱性长石.这种含有碱性长石堆晶的熔体,在相对还原的条件下结晶,形成铁橄榄石正长岩;在相对氧化的条件下结晶,并经过不同程度斜长石的分离结晶形成角闪正长岩.     

Chemical Composition of Rock-Forming Minerals in Copper–Gold-Bearing Tonalite Porphyries at the Batu Hijau Deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia: Implications for Crystallization Conditions and Fluorine–Chlorine Fugacity

Copper–gold mineralization at the world‐class Batu Hijau porphyry deposit, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, is closely related to the emplacement of multiple stages of tonalite porphyries. Petrographic examination indicates that at least two texturally distinct types of tonalite porphyries are currently recognized in the deposit, which are designated as “intermediate tonalite” and “young tonalite”. They are mineralogically identical, consisting of phenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende, quartz, biotite and magnetite ± ilmenite, which are set in a medium‐coarse grained groundmass of plagioclase and quartz. The chemical composition of the rock‐forming minerals, including plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, magnetite and ilmenite in the tonalite porphyries was systematically analyzed by electron microprobe. The chemical data of these minerals were used to constrain the crystallization conditions and fluorine–chlorine fugacity of the corresponding tonalitic magma during its emplacement and crystallization. The crystallization conditions, including temperature (T), pressure (P) and oxygen fugacity (fO₂), were calculated by applying the hornblende–plagioclase and magnetite–ilmenite thermometers and the Al‐in‐hornblende barometer. The thermobarometric data indicate that the tonalite porphyries were emplaced at 764 ± 22°C and 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10⁵ kPa. If the pressure is assumed to be lithostatic, it is interpreted that the rim of hornblende and plagioclase phenocrysts crystallized at depths of approximately 5.5 km. As estimated from magnetite–ilmenite thermometry, the subsolidus conditions of the tonalite intrusion occurred at temperatures of 540–590°C and log fO₂ ranging from ?20 to ?15 (between Ni‐NiO and hematite–magnetite buffers). This occurred at relatively high fO₂ (oxidizing) condition. The fluorine–chlorine fugacity in the magma during crystallization was determined on the basis of the chemical composition of magmatic biotite. The calculation indicates that the fluorine–chlorine fugacity, represented by log (fH₂O)/(fHF) and (fH₂O)/(fHCl) in the corresponding tonalitic magma range from 4.31 to 4.63 and 3.62 to 3.79, respectively. The chlorine fugacity (HCl) to water (H₂O) is relatively higher than the fluorine fugacity (HF to water), reflecting a high activity of chlorine in the tonalitic magma during crystallization. The relatively higher activity of chlorine (rather than fluorine) may indicate the significant role of chloride complexes (CuCl₂^? and AuCl₂^?) in transporting and precipitating copper and gold at the Batu Hijau deposit.     

四川攀西裂谷带峨眉玄武岩的岩石学及其成因研究

峨眉玄武岩属典型的大陆拉斑玄武岩。该玄武岩是在特定的温度、压力、氧逸度条件及裂谷的构造背景下形成的。它同时遭受分离结晶作用和地壳的同化混染作用。且可以用Depaolo AFC模型描述之。通过计算所获得的图解表现了C_L~i/C_（o,L）~i,F和r之间的相互关系（i为不相容的微量元素）。用B_（13）层玄武岩数据计算的C_（o,L）~（La）值为6.15ppm,F为0.75,r为0.75。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学ⅩⅤⅢ·MgO·3B_2O_3-MgCl_2-H_2O浓溶液中六硼酸镁盐结晶动力学

人工模拟合成B_2O_3/MgO=3的过饱和氯化镁溶液,分别在20～60℃恒温条件下,在密封、无外界扰动条件下进行水合六硼酸镁盐结晶动力学实验测定。最后分离固相,经处理后,用化学分析和物理分析法进行物相鉴定。采用计算机对实验数据进行处理,给出相应的结晶动力学方程。根据硼在水盐溶液中是以多粒子形式共存这一结论,提出不同水合六硼酸镁盐的结晶反应机制。     

滇西晚始新世高镁富钾火山岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因机制探讨

40Ar/39Ar同位素定年分析显示滇西新生代高镁富钾火山岩均形成于始新世晚期(约36 Ma),富含MgO(＞9%)和K2O(3.07%～7.28%),绝大部分K2O/Na2O比值大于2,均属超钾质系列岩石.较高的Cr、Ni含量和较低的Sc(＜30 μg/g)、TiO2(＜1%)含量暗示了源区为尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩;高镁富钾火山岩与区内同时代的粗面岩具相似的地球化学组成特征,均富集LILE和LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb-Ta和Ti等,具有极低的Nb/La比值(0.2～0.3)、较高的87Sr/86Sr初始值(0.7056～0.7072)、负的εNd初始值(-0.97～-4.87)和相对较高的206pb/204Pb(18.556～18.695)、207pb/204Pb(15.609～15.630)比值,具有明显的岛弧型钾质火山岩的性质.高镁富钾火山岩来源于受古特提斯俯冲带流体交代的尖晶石相方辉橄榄岩的部分熔融岩浆,并在深部岩浆房经历了橄榄石的结晶分异和堆晶作用,而粗面岩则还在相对浅部岩浆房经历了较大程度的长石与单斜辉石的分离结晶.     

试论熔结凝灰岩中塑性碎屑内晶质结构的成因

本文在岩相学研究的基础上,将熔结凝灰岩中的各种晶质结构分成两类,即浆屑和塑变玻屑等塑性碎屑中的晶质结构及刚性玻屑和火山微尘中的晶质结构。依据过冷结晶理论,结晶实验成果,本文重点讨论了浆屑和塑变玻屑等塑性碎屑中晶质结构的成因,指出它们不是由脱玻化形成的,而是由过冷结晶形成的。     

新疆北部阿尔泰南缘晚古生代高钾高硅熔结凝灰岩的地球化学、岩浆成因及构造背景

新疆北部阿尔泰南缘分布着一条晚古生代的火山岩带。通过岩石学和地球化学的研究,我们从克朗和麦兹火山．沉积盆地的下泥盆统康布铁堡组地层的火山岩中,厘定出一种高钾高硅熔结凝灰岩（Ignimbrite）,前人称之为钾质流纹岩。高钾高硅熔结凝灰岩主要由钾长石（微斜长石）、石英和黑云母,以及少量白云母组成。其岩石化学成分的特征为过铝质的（A／CNK=1．01～1．36）、高硅（SiO2=69％～80％）、高钾（K2O=5％-11％）、高钾钠比值,并富集大离子亲石元素（Rb,Ba,K,La）,亏损高场强元素（Nb,Ta,Ti,P）和低的Nb／Y比值,以及富LREE和亏损Eu的REE分布模式。以上这些特征体现它们继承了形成硅质岩浆的大陆地壳源区特点。微量元素的构造环境判别图解显示,本区高钾高硅熔结凝灰岩形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境。综合岩石学和地球化学研究的结果,作者提出高钾高硅熔结凝灰岩岩浆的二阶段成因模型：1）地幔楔二辉橄榄岩部分熔融产生的大体积玄武岩岩浆侵入导致其上部地壳发生部分熔融形成了高硅的熔结凝灰岩岩浆;2）高硅岩浆经富钠斜长石的分离结晶作用最终形成高钾高硅的熔结凝灰岩浆。     

A study of rare earth element (REE)–SiO2 variations in felsic liquids generated by basalt fractionation and amphibolite melting: a potential test for discriminating between the two different processes

The origin of felsic magmas (>63% SiO₂) in intra-oceanic arc settings is still a matter of debate. Two very different processes are currently invoked to explain their origin. These include fractional crystallization of basaltic magma and partial melting of lower crustal amphibolite. Because both fractionation and melting can lead to similar major element, trace element and isotopic characteristics in felsic magmas, such lines of evidence have been generally unsuccessful in discriminating between the two processes. A commonly under-appreciated aspect of rare earth element (REE) solid–liquid partitioning behavior is that D _REE for most common igneous minerals (especially hornblende) increase significantly with increasing liquid SiO₂ contents. For some minerals (e.g., hornblende and augite), REE partitioning can change from incomptatible (D < 1) at low liquid SiO₂ to compatible (D > 1) at high liquid SiO₂. When this behavior is incorporated into carefully constrained mass-balance models for mafic (basaltic) amphibolite melting, intermediate (andesitic) amphibolite melting, lower or mid to upper crustal hornblende-present basalt fractionation, and mid to upper crustal hornblende-absent basalt fractionation the following general predictions emerge for felsic magmas (e.g., ∼63 to 76% SiO₂). Partial melting of either mafic or intermediate amphibolite should, regardless of the type of melting (equilibrium, fractional, accumulated fractional) yield REE abundances that remain essentially constant and then decrease, or steadily decrease with increasing liquid SiO₂ content. At high liquid SiO₂ contents LREE abundances should be slightly enriched to slightly depleted (i.e., C _l/C _o ∼ 2 to 0.2) while HREE abundances should be slightly depleted (C _l/C _o ∼ 1 to 0.2). Lower crustal hornblende-bearing basalt fractionation should yield roughly constant REE abundances with increasing liquid SiO₂ and exhibit only slight enrichment (C _l/C _o ∼ 1.2). Mid to upper crustal hornblende-bearing basalt fractionation should yield steadily increasing LREE abundances but constant and then decreasing HREE abundances. At high liquid SiO₂ contents LREE abundances may range from non-enriched to highly enriched (C _l/C _o ∼ 1 to 5) while HREE abundances are generally non-enriched to only slightly enriched (C _l/C _o ∼ 1 to 2). Hornblende-absent basalt fractionation should yield steadily increasing REE abundances with increasing liquid SiO₂ contents. At high SiO₂ contents both LREE and HREE are highly enriched (C _l/C _o ∼ 3 to 4). It is proposed that these model predictions constitute a viable test for determining a fractionation or amphibolite melting origin for felsic magmas in intra-oceanic arc environments where continental crust is absent. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Accretion Processes of Oceanic Crust in Slow-spreading Ridges: Plagiogranite Perspective of the Xigaze Ophiolite, South Tibet

Structural and petrological data suggest that the Xigaze ophiolite from the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in south Tibet was a typical slow-spreading ridge. A new field, geochemical, mineral, and U-Pb zircon dataset of plagiogranite intrusions were used to constrain the dynamic processes of oceanic accretion in this slow-spreading ridge. Plagiogranites mainly occur as dykes or intrusions intruded into the whole sequence of the ophiolite and have a similar orientation to the dolerite dykes developed in the late stage of detachment faulting. U-Pb zircon ages of 122–123 Ma were obtained for two types of plagiogranites and associated dolerite dykes. Detailed geochemical and mineralogical examinations suggest that the plagiogranites are the product of low-pressure (2–3 kbar) fractional crystallization of mid-ocean ridge basalt-like magma and unlikely to have been derived from the partial melting of hydrous gabbroic rocks. The complex cross-cut relationship between the plagiogranites and ophiolite sequence reflects that they are controlled by small discontinued melt lenses rather than a big magma chamber under the ridge axis and reveals multiple injections during the oceanic crust accretion. The formation of plagiogranites possibly reflects the complex characteristic of oceanic accretion at slow-spreading ridges, time-dependent on structural (external) and magmatic (internal) processes.