安徽女山麻粒岩包体的地球化学特征:下地壳组成及其构造属性初探

女山麻粒岩包体的Mg#值总体较低（28－51），在化学成分上主要表现为偏中性，没有明显的辉石、石榴子石或Fe-Ti氧化物的堆晶作用，但部分有斜长石的堆晶作用，略具Eu,Sr正异常，部分则有斜长石的分离结晶，略具Eu,Sr负异常。另外，女山麻粒岩包体亏损Rb,Th,Nb,Ta,富集Ba,LREE,Zr,Hf等，具较高的Nb/Ta,Zr/Hf比值，麻粒岩相变质作用过程造成了Rb的强烈亏损，但对Nb,Ta,U,Th的影响较弱。女山麻粒岩包体的形成过程中存在岩浆的结晶分异作用，通过分离结晶混染作用模型（AFC）模拟，表明华北克拉通太古宙基性火山岩和中必一麻粒岩分别为较可能的初始岩浆和混合源，初始岩浆经过10％－40％的AFC可以形成女山麻粒岩包体的微量元素组成。总体上，女山麻粒岩包体的主元素、微量元素特征均相似于华北克拉通太古宙中性麻粒岩、华北克拉通下地壳平均值，而与扬子克拉通下地壳平均值得明显差别。因此女山地区下地壳可能仍属华北克拉通的一部分，因而支持Li(1994)的碰撞拆离模式。     

Mechanisms of magmatic gas loss along the Southeast Indian Ridge and the Amsterdam -St. Paul Plateau

New analyses of He, Ne, Ar and CO₂ trapped in basaltic glasses from the Southeast Indian Ridge (Amsterdam-St. Paul (ASP) region) show that ridge magmas degas by a Rayleigh distillation process. As a result, the absolute and relative noble gas abundances are highly fractionated with ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* ratios as high as 620 compared to a production ratio of ∼3 (where ⁴⁰Ar* is ⁴⁰Ar corrected for atmospheric contamination). There is a good correlation between ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* and the MgO content of the basalt, suggesting that the amount of gas lost from a particular magma is related to the degree of crystallization. Fractional crystallization forces oversaturation of CO₂ because CO₂ is an incompatible element. Therefore, crystallization will increase the fraction of gas lost from the magma. The He-Ar-CO₂-MgO-TiO₂ compositions of the ASP basalts are modeled as a combined fractional crystallization-fractional degassing process using experimentally determined noble gas and CO₂ solubilities and partition coefficients at reasonable magmatic pressures (2-4 kbar). The combined fractional crystallization-degassing model reproduces the basalt compositions well, although it is not possible to rule out depth of eruption as a potential additional control on the extent of degassing. The extent of degassing determines the relative noble gas abundances (⁴He/⁴⁰Ar*) and the ⁴⁰Ar*/CO₂ ratio but it cannot account for large (>factor 50) variations in He/CO₂, due to the similar solubilities of He and CO₂ in basaltic magmas. Instead, variations in CO₂/³He (≡C/³He) trapped in the vesicles must reflect similar variations in the primary magma. The controls on C/³He in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) are not known. There are no obvious correlated variations between C/³He and tracers of mantle heterogeneity (³He/⁴He, K/Ti etc.), implying that the variations in C/³He are not likely to be a feature of the mantle source to these basalts. Mixing between MORB-like sources and more enriched, high ³He/⁴He sources occurs on and near the ASP plateau, resulting in variable ³He/⁴He and K/Ti compositions (and many other tracers). Using ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar* to track degassing, we demonstrate that mixing systematics involving He isotopes are determined in large part by the extent of degassing. Relatively undegassed lavas (with low ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar*) are characterized by steep ³He/⁴He-K/Ti mixing curves, with high He/Ti ratios in the enriched magma (relative to He/Ti in the MORB magma). Degassed samples (high ⁴He/⁴⁰Ar*) on the other hand have roughly equal He/Ti ratios in both end-members, resulting in linear mixing trajectories involving He isotopes. Some degassing of ASP magmas must occur at depth, prior to magma mixing. As a result of degassing prior to mixing, mixing systematics of oceanic basalts that involve noble gas-lithophile pairs (e.g. ³He/⁴He vs. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr or ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) are unlikely to reflect the noble gas composition of the mantle source to the basalts. Instead, the mixing curve will reflect the extent of gas loss from the magmas, which is in turn buffered by the pressure of combined crystallization-degassing and the initial CO₂ content.     

A scanning electron microscope study of bedrock microfractures in granites under high arctic conditions

Surface specimens obtained from highly-weathered upland plateau outcrops at three localities in high Arctic Canada have been studied using the scanning electron microscope. Observations are given on factors influencing bedrock surface microfracturing processes. Evidence for the concentration of both salts and organic material in surface cracks which could enhance microfracturing is presented. The importance of lithological parameters including: mineralogy, texture, and structures present in influencing the actual processes of disintegration is reiterated. Under cold, dry high Arctic conditions the combined and apparently inseparable affects of frost action, salt crystallization, and organic activity may have contributed to microfracturing largely responsible for widely scattered examples of highly weathered bedrock terrain.     

广东韶关地区某些花岗岩体含矿性的地球化学研究

本文总结了广东韶关地区某些有矿、矿化和无矿花岗岩在造岩组分、成矿元素钨、微迹元素及其成岩时物理化学条件等方面存在的差异。提出K/Na比值、全岩和黑云母的H_2O~+含量、岩体钨丰度及钨随岩浆结晶分异过程的富集程度、黑云母WO_3含量、微迹元素（Mo、Cu、Ag、Bi）的丰度和统计参数、岩体形成过程中压力、氧化条件的变化等特征均可作为评价该区燕山期花岗岩类含矿性的地球化学指标。     

四川攀西裂谷带峨眉玄武岩的岩石学及其成因研究

峨眉玄武岩属典型的大陆拉斑玄武岩。该玄武岩是在特定的温度、压力、氧逸度条件及裂谷的构造背景下形成的。它同时遭受分离结晶作用和地壳的同化混染作用。且可以用Depaolo AFC模型描述之。通过计算所获得的图解表现了C_L~i/C_（o,L）~i,F和r之间的相互关系（i为不相容的微量元素）。用B_（13）层玄武岩数据计算的C_（o,L）~（La）值为6.15ppm,F为0.75,r为0.75。     

岩浆长期分离结晶对岩石锶同位素初始比值的影响

讨论了在岩浆长期分离结晶作用的模式,由于晚期残留熔体相对于早期结晶相其Rb/Sr比增高,当有一定滞留时间条件下,将导致晚期结晶相~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比增高,因而在一个复式岩基内会形成具有不同锶同位素初始比的多个岩石单元。文中以安徽地洼阶段的黄山一狮子岭岩体为例,通过模拟计算,得到其初始岩浆(?)=0.7122,(Rb/Sr)0=3,该岩浆的80％分离结晶形成黄山岩体,其(?)=0.7143(t=130Ma),其余20％的残余熔体结晶后形成狮子岭岩体,其(?)=0.7180(t=123.1Ma)。     

苏鲁皖新生代玄武岩中巨晶组合的稀土元素特征

我国东部苏鲁皖地区新生代碱性玄武岩中,除了含有大量地幔橄榄岩类捕虏体以外,尚含有一定数量的石榴石、普通辉石和歪长石巨晶。这些巨晶是在地幔不同深度上从玄武岩中晶出的。巨晶组合的分离结晶作用对熔体稀土元素含量有很大影响。赋存巨晶的碱性玄武岩所具有的LREE富集、HREE亏损的稀土元素分配型式是由地幔橄榄岩类部分熔融程度、石榴石巨晶和普通辉石巨晶的早期高压熔离和玄武岩的结晶分异作用等综合因素造成的。     

多期岩浆分离结晶作用中微量元素丰度关系

本文提出了多期岩浆分离结晶中元素丰度关系的数学表达式;阐述了微量元素正向演化和反向演化的机理;指出了在不同岩浆分离阶段一些微量元素丰度关系常数(R)有明显变化,可以此作为阶段划分的依据。由峨嵋山玄武岩系及基性-超基性层状岩体研究所得出的元素丰度关系式,适用于其他成分岩浆分离结晶成因的岩浆岩系。本文着重列举数据较齐全的智利安底斯山脉玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩岩系的资料作为系统验证。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学ⅩⅤⅢ·MgO·3B_2O_3-MgCl_2-H_2O浓溶液中六硼酸镁盐结晶动力学

人工模拟合成B_2O_3/MgO=3的过饱和氯化镁溶液,分别在20～60℃恒温条件下,在密封、无外界扰动条件下进行水合六硼酸镁盐结晶动力学实验测定。最后分离固相,经处理后,用化学分析和物理分析法进行物相鉴定。采用计算机对实验数据进行处理,给出相应的结晶动力学方程。根据硼在水盐溶液中是以多粒子形式共存这一结论,提出不同水合六硼酸镁盐的结晶反应机制。