Enhanced Multi-Layer Fatigue-Analysis Approach for Unbonded Flexible Risers

This paper proposes an enhanced approach for evaluating the fatigue life of each metallic layer of unbonded flexible risers. Owing to the complex structure of unbonded flexible risers and the nonlinearity of the system, particularly in the critical touchdown zone, the traditional method is insufficient for accurately evaluating the fatigue life of these risers. The main challenge lies in the transposition from global to local analyses, which is a key stage for the fatigue analysis of flexible pipes owing to their complex structure. The new enhanced approach derives a multi-layer stress-decomposition method to meet this challenge. In this study, a numerical model validated experimentally is used to demonstrate the accuracy of the stress-decomposition method. And a numerical case is studied to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the multi-layer stress-decomposition method is accurate, and the fatigue lives of the metallic layers predicted by the enhanced multi-layer analysis approach are rational. The proposed fatigue-analysis approach provides a practical and reasonable method for predicting fatigue life in the design of unbonded flexible risers.     

复配型席夫碱缓蚀剂对碳钢在海水中缓蚀性能研究

设计了由邻氧乙酸苯甲醛-4-吡啶甲酰腙席夫碱80 mg/L,邻香草醛脱氢枞胺席夫碱6 mg/L,ZnSO4 50 mg/L,Tween-80 100 mg/L四元复配缓蚀剂,通过失重法、极化曲线法和电化学交流阻抗技术,研究了该复配缓蚀剂在模拟现实使用环境中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,该复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀率受海水盐度的影响不大,但该复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能受海水温度和海水流速的影响较大,当温度低于50℃和流速较低、缓蚀剂浓度为临界浓度时,缓蚀剂对碳钢有很好的抑制作用,而有锈试样和间浸实验发现高浓度的复配缓蚀剂可以抑制碳钢的腐蚀。     

钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施

概述了钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施的主要类型、工艺流程、验收评价标准,分析了钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施中重要程序和注意事项,对常见的问题给出了处理方案。根据美国石油学会API验收规范标准,结合生产工作实际,对钻塔除锈、喷涂防腐和质量检验进行了分析总结和详细阐述。     

塔北西部一间房组碳酸盐岩礁滩体同生期暴露溶蚀作用模式

在详细的钻井资料和岩心的宏观及微观特征研究的基础上,通过对塔北隆起西部奥陶系中统一间房组礁滩体沉积相特征及展布规律的分析,结合礁滩体储层同生期溶蚀作用特征研究,按照古沉积地貌单元结合岩相的方法建立了一间房组礁滩体同生期溶蚀作用模式。研究认为一间房组开阔台地相包括台内滩、滩间海和台内点礁3个亚相,沉积相平面分布稳定;一间房组的同生期暴露溶蚀作用明显,普遍反映出滩体的间歇性暴露的特征:生物钻孔和溶蚀孔洞内充填礁滩体暴露形成的古土壤泥;发育潮间带的化石碎片堆积和软体生物活动遗迹;岩心观察和成像测井可以识别出渗流-潜流带溶蚀作用旋回。按照礁滩相沉积地貌结合岩相的模式,将一间房组开阔台地的浅滩和点礁沉积划分出潮上长期暴露滩、潮间间歇暴露滩、潮下高能滩、瓶筐石障积礁、潮汐水道等地貌单元。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF STEELS IN SAND WITH WATER

ImooUcr0NCormsinnofsodinconatisnowrognindasaseriousproblemwithlargeere-nondconSequenas.Thecormsionproducofondatthesurfaeeofrenfontin-dutaltenSioninthernaterial,resultinginfraCtureandspillingoftheconcretefromtherenfoot(Madrinaldetal.,l99l).Asaasult,theconCretestructure'sIneCanhalstwthisgreatiytalued.0wingtothephyShaldfultyofconduCtingforchdricalexperiInentsinconare,muCoftheworkintheaasofndanisticdCtendnationsforcormsionofstalincon-~wereconduedinalkalinesolution,generallyofporewatCr(Romirz…     

Seismic constraints on rock damaging related to a failing mountain peak: the Hochvogel,Allgäu

Large rock slope failures play a pivotal role in long-term landscape evolution and are a major concern in land use planning and hazard aspects. While the failure phase and the time immediately prior to failure are increasingly well studied, the nature of the preparation phase remains enigmatic. This knowledge gap is due, to a large degree, to difficulties associated with instrumenting high mountain terrain and the local nature of classic monitoring methods, which does not allow integral observation of large rock volumes. Here, we analyse data from a small network of up to seven seismic sensors installed during July–October 2018 (with 43 days of data loss) at the summit of the Hochvogel, a 2592 m high Alpine peak. We develop proxy time series indicative of cyclic and progressive changes of the summit. Modal analysis, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio data and end-member modelling analysis reveal diurnal cycles of increasing and decreasing coupling stiffness of a 260,000 m³ large, instable rock volume, due to thermal forcing. Relative seismic wave velocity changes also indicate diurnal accumulation and release of stress within the rock mass. At longer time scales, there is a systematic superimposed pattern of stress increased over multiple days and episodic stress release within a few days, expressed in an increased emission of short seismic pulses indicative of rock cracking. Our data provide essential first order information on the development of large-scale slope instabilities towards catastrophic failure. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Al_2O_3-SiC-C砖渣静态侵蚀后的显微结构分析

铁水预处理用鱼雷罐、铁水罐的炉衬多为Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖,随着铁水脱硫量的加大,耐火材料的侵蚀也较严重。而现在由于市场需要钢水中的磷含量要求较低,脱磷处理过程中由于国外多采用氧化铁系脱磷剂,氧化亚铁对石墨的氧化很大,对炉衬侵蚀也大,这就要求对Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖的性能进行改进以适宜工艺需要。国内对脱磷的研究较少,实际生产对铁水进行脱磷处理的厂家也很少。为探讨脱硫、磷剂对耐火材料的影响,本文对不同脱硫、磷剂侵蚀Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖后的残砖的显微结构进行了分析,探讨了铝碳化硅碳砖的侵蚀原…     

A Probabilistic Model for Fatigue Crack Propagation Analysis

A simple probabilistic model for predicting crack growth behavior under random loading is pre-sented.In the model,the parameters c and m in the Paris-Erdogan Equation are taken as random variables,and their stochastic characteristic values are obtained through fatigue crack propagation tests on an offshorestructural steel under constant amplitude loading.Furthermore,by using the Monte Carlo simulation tech-nique,the fatigue crack propagation life to reach a given crack length is predicted.The tests are conducted toverify the applicability of the theoretical prediction of the fatigue crack propagation.     

支撑结构频率对海上风机动力响应的影响机理研究

海上支撑结构的优化设计是海上风机技术发展的必然趋势,降低支撑结构的载荷是保证风机安全运行的有效途径。海上支撑结构受到风浪复杂环境荷载作用,风、浪载荷决定着塔底承受较大的剪力和倾覆力矩,同时风浪的随机性和周期性会影响塔架的疲劳载荷。基于海上风机支撑结构频率对载荷影响的研究,分析海上支撑结构频率对叶片根部挥舞和摆振响应的影响,探究频率对风机响应的影响机理。研究表明：波浪频率诱导是基础疲劳载荷响应的主要原因;开展单桩基础设计,当整机频率确定时,基础变径段可设置于浪溅区下部区域范围;叶片摆振响应受1P频率影响较大,在风机设计时可增加叶片摆振方向的阻尼;当整机频率邻近3P频率时,塔筒刚度变化对基础载荷响应的影响大于基础刚度变化;海上支撑结构设计时可优先考虑塔筒刚度。