山西省雾的分析和预报

公路为山西省经济发展做出巨大的贡献。为保证公路安全畅通，本文对影响公路安全行驶的重要天气－－雾的地理和时间分布进行分析，并根据雾的发生条件，提出了雾的预报思路。     

Ground water hydrochemical characteristics:seawater intruded area in eastern and southern coast of Laizhou Bay

Eastern and southern coastal zones of Laizhou Bay are the most representative seawater intruded areas in the world, with two intrusion sources of contemporary seawater and paleobrine. In order to reveal the complicated hydrochemical changing process and the mechanism of fresh groundwater being polluted by saltwater, we conducted long-term observation and hydrochemical analysis at four observing sections of typical salt-fresh water transitional zone. The study indicates that seawater and brine intrusion processes have different hydrochemical features, and that ion exchange and adsorption actions between water and aquifer produce great influence on the intrusion.     

An abrupt cooling event early in the last interglacial in the northern South China Sea

The high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminifera and the δ¹⁸O records of the section between 96.49– 137.6 mcd at ODP Site 1144 on the continental slope of northern South China Sea reveals an abrupt cooling event of sea surface temperature (SST) during the last interglacial (MIS 5.5, i.e. 5e). The dropping range of the winter SST may come to 7.5°C corresponding to 1.2‰ of the δ¹⁸O value of sea surface water. This event is comparable with those discovered in the west Europe and the northern Atlantic Ocean, but expressed in a more intensive way. It is inferred that this event may have been induced by middle- to low-latitude processes rather than by polar ice sheet change. Since the Kuroshio-index speciesPulleniatina obliquiloculata displayed the most distinct change at the event, it may also be related to the paleoceanographic change of the low-latitude area in the western Pacific Ocean. This event can be considered as one of “Younger Dryas-style coolings” and is indicative of climate variability of the last interglacial stage.     

Variations in chemical compositions of the eolian dust in Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 2.5 Ma and chemical weathering in the Asian inland

Major and trace elements as well as strontium isotopic composition have been analyzed on the acid-insoluble (AI) phase of the loess-paleosol sequence from Luochuan, Shaanxi Province, China. Results show that the chemical composition of AI phase of loess and paleosols is distinctive to the average composition of upper continental crust (UCC), characterized by depletion of mobile elements Na, Ca and Sr. The distribution pattern of elements in AI phase reveals that initial dust, derived from a vast area of Asian inland, has suffered from Na- and Ca-removed chemical weathering compared to UCC. Some geochemical parameters (such as CIA values, Na/K, Rb/Sr and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios) display a regular variation and evolution, reflecting that the chemical weathering in the source region of loess deposits has decreased gradually since 2.5 Ma with the general increase of global ice volume. This coincidence reflects that the aridity of Asian inland since the Quaternary is a possible regional response to the global climate change.     

含水层中海水入侵的数学模型

提出了考虑过渡带的适合潜水含水层和承压含水层的海水入侵数学模型,导出了相应的方程和定解条件.经实例验证,模型是合理和可靠的.     

Parameterization of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium source function with chemical production by an equivalent two-level model

The classic two-level or equivalent two-level model that includes only the statistical equilibriumof radiative and thermal processes of excitation and quenching between two vibrational energy levelsis extended by adding chemical production to the rate equations. The modifications to the non-localthermodynamic equilibrium source function and cooling rate are parameterized by φc, which characterizesthe ratio of chemical production to collisional quenching. For applications of broadband emission of O3 at9.6 μm, the non-LTE effect of chemical production on the cooling rate and limb emission is proportionalto the ratio of O to O3. For a typical [O]/[O3], the maximum enhancements of limb radiance and coolingrate are about 15%-30% and 0.03-0.05 K day-1, respectively, both occurring near the mesopause regions.This suggests that the broadband limb radiance above ～80 km is sensitive to O3 density but not sensitiveto the direct cooling rate along the line-of-sight, which makes O3 retrieval feasible but the direct coolingrate retrieval difficult by using the O3 9.6 μm band limb emission.     

Response of Atmospheric Low-frequency Wave to Oceanic Forcing in the Tropics

1. IntroductionInvestigations about atmospheric LFW have been a focus of research since Madden andJulian/s outstanding analysis works (1971, 1972). Many dynamical and thermal mechanisms(Chao et al., 1996; Fu et al., 1998; Hendon et al., 1998; Krishnamurti et al., 1988; Lau andChan, 1988) have been advised to explain LFW. Among them are oceanic effects, such as SSTeffect, thermal forcing and others. Usually atmosphere and ocean are taken as a coupled system, which is used to explain ENS…     

Two attempts of study of seismic source from teleseismic data by simulated annealing non-linear inversion

Two seismic source studies usingteleseismic data are performed by Simulated Annealing(SA), a non-linear inversion method. The Very FastSimulated Annealing (VFSA) algorithm is used and onlyteleseismic data are inverted. We have designed a fastand efficient way of multiple direct problemevaluation, which is based on pre-calculating theelementary Green's function. During the process we setthe values of the inversion control parameters(temperature, number of iterations) and modified thecooling schedule. In the current version, theinversion seeks for the point source mechanism, thedepth of the source, the scalar moment and the sourcetime function (STF). The method is applied to twoearthquakes: 18 Nov. 1992 in Greece, M 5.9 and 14 Sep.1995 in Mexico, M7.3. The calculation is performed ona simple 1D model of the structure. For the firstearthquake the inversion recovered the solution fairlywell; for the second the solution was less acceptable.However, we do not consider this fact to be a failureof the method, but a consequence of an inadequatemodel of the source and of the medium structure. Acasual attempt of reliability determination was alsoperformed; the obtained values of errors arereasonable, except for a few cases when the methodfailed.     

多孔介质中水敏性应用的研究综述

水敏现象在石油、岩土和环境工程等领域广泛存在。有效地控制水敏现象的发生，不仅具有科学意义，还有一定的经济价值。本文在广泛查阅国内外研究成果的基础上，总结了水敏性在石油、岩土和环境工程方面应用的研究进展，并在此基础上提出了水敏性研究的发展方向。     

新型白云岩珠核的研究

筛选天然白云岩为原料,采用机械磨削和表面处理等工艺,制成新型珠核。这种珠核物化性质与现有贝、蚌壳珠核相近,具有颜色白、光泽强、外形圆和价格低廉等特点。研制和开发新型白云岩珠核,既能保护生物资源和生态环境,又能满足今后珍珠产业发展的需求。