山东省栖霞市泥石流灾害的成生环境及危险性趋势分区评价

栖霞市是地质灾害多发区，主要地质灾害有泥石流、崩塌和滑坡，尤其是泥石流灾害频发，其形成主要受自然地理环境、地质条件和人类经济活动影响。因而在地质灾害调查成果基础上危险性趋势进行了分区评价，确定了泥石流灾，将泥石流的发育频度、面积密度和规模进行了分级，采用袭扰系数法对区内泥石流灾害的害的高危区、中危区和低危区，为泥石流灾害防治提供了科学依据。     

A comparison of three approaches to spatial generalization of rainfall–runoff models

The generalization of the parameters of rainfall–runoff models, to enable application at ungauged sites, is an important and ongoing area of research. This paper compares the performance of three alternative methods of generalization, for two parameter‐sparse conceptual models (PDM and TATE), specifically for use in flood frequency estimation using continuous simulation. Two of the methods are based on fitting regression relationships between catchment properties and calibrated parameter values, using weighted or sequential regression (with weights based on estimates of calibration uncertainty), and the third is based on the use of pooling groups, defined through measures of site‐similarity based on catchment properties. The study uses a relatively large sample of catchments in Britain. For the PDM, the site‐similarity method performs best, but not greatly better than either regression method, so there may be cases where the use of regression would be preferable. For the TATE model, weighted regression performs best (with a very similar level of performance to that of the PDM with site‐similarity), whereas site‐similarity performs worst (due to poor performance for catchments with higher baseflow), indicating that the choice of model and generalization method should not be separated. The use of sequential regression, which was developed to try to allow for parameter interdependence, shows no clear advantage for either model. Other than the poor performance of the TATE model with site‐similarity for catchments with a higher baseflow index, there are no clear relationships between performance of any model/method and catchment type. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特尔菲法在土地利用总体规划评价中的应用

本文总结了土地利用总体规划评价中存在的问题,说明了评价的内涵及内容,提出了评价体系;运用特尔菲(Delphi)法,建立了土地利用总体规划综合评价模型和指标体系;评价方法的建立,有助于政府相关部门对规划评价的规范化和制度化。     

地磁异常数据格网化最优方法

针对不同的格网化方法将影响地磁异常数据区域建模的精度,该文利用改进的谢别德法、克里格法、连续曲率样条法将空间分辨率为10′×10′的地磁异常数据内插得到2′×2′的地磁异常;并对这3种方法所获得的结果进行精度评定。结果表明,连续曲率样条法获得的结果最佳,其次是改进的谢别德法和克里格法。     

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连续降温对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)成鱼血清生化指标及Wap65-1基因表达的影响

将大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)从正常养殖水温18°C快速连续降温至1°C,并在18、13、8、5、3和1°C共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肌酐(CR)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血糖(GLU)、皮质醇以及不同组织中Wap65-1基因的表达量。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清ALT活性呈升高的趋势,且在8—1°C区间内显著高于18—13°C区间(P0.05);血清CR浓度呈升高的趋势,在3°C时最高,且显著高于除1°C之外的其它实验(P0.05);血清中LDH活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,在13—5°C区间内显著高于其它实验组(P0.05);血清GLU浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,在8—3°C区间内显著高于其它实验组(P0.05);血清皮质醇浓度呈升高的趋势,在1°C时最高,且显著高于其它实验组(P0.05)。连续降温过程中,大菱鲆所有组织Wap65-1基因在特定温度下表达量都有上调(脑、胃、肝脏、头肾、肾脏、脾脏、肌肉、肠道、心脏)。其中,脑、胃、头肾、肾脏和心脏组织中的Wap65-1基因在正常温度下基本不表达,只在降温过程中表达;肝脏、脾脏、肠道和肌肉这4种组织中的Wap65-1基因在正常温度下有所表达,且在降温过程中表达量显著升高(P0.05)。     

大陆地震观测中连续震颤波信号的定位

针对大陆地震观测中的连续震颤波,根据其信号特征和观测特点,在准确识别震颤波信号、提高信噪比、缩小信号范围等原则基础上,参考国际上对间歇式震颤的定位方法,对信号的识别、处理及定位方法和技术进行整合、改进,提出对这类信号采用的定位技术和方法流程,并应用该方法对中国大陆地震观测中几个由台风引发的连续震颤波信号进行定位和效果检验。结果表明,这些技术和方法是可行的,其定位结果合理可信。     

Seismic analysis of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges in cold regions: a case study of Bridge 1 in north of international tourism resort in Changbai Mountain

It is helpful to improve the seismic design theory of long-span continuous bridges for studying the seismic performance of each cantilever construction state.Taking the Bridge 1 in the north of Changbai-Mountain international tourism resort as an example,the authors studied it in shutdown phase and the cantilever construction process,established the simulation model by using Midas / civil,and analyzed time-history of each construction stage for the bridge.The study shows that long-span bridge cantilever construction in northeastern China can be divided into two-year tasks for construction(suspending in winter).It is needed to think about seismic stability of the cantilever position in shut-down phase of winter.The effect of longitudinal vibration is the most disadvantageous influence to bridge,and its calculation results can provide reference for seismic design of similar bridges in the future.     

Antecedent soil moisture conditions of different soil types in South‐western Ontario,Canada

Soil moisture conditions prior to input design storms need to be known in the planning and design of urban stormwater control facilities using the design storm approach. Limited information is available on these soil moisture conditions which are commonly referred to as the antecedent soil moisture conditions. In this study, a deterministic continuous simulation model was used to simulate antecedent soil moisture conditions under south‐western Ontario, Canada, climate conditions. A wide range of different soil types were investigated and various statistical analyses on the simulated antecedent soil moisture results were performed. Frequency analyses illustrated typical distributions of antecedent soil moisture conditions and the influence of finer and coarser textured soil particles. Empirical equations were developed for the estimation of average antecedent soil moisture conditions based on commonly known soil characteristics. Satisfactory performance of the empirical equations was demonstrated by comparing between field average antecedent soil moisture data and empirically estimated average antecedent soil moisture values. These equations are therefore recommended for use in urban stormwater studies incorporating the design storm approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市独柱墩桥梁结构体系非线性抗震研究

针对城市桥梁采用的独柱墩连续梁桥具有的缺点,提出了采用两跨T形刚构桥梁的结构形式。利用非线性时程分析方法,考虑钢筋混凝土桥墩材料的非线性,对两种桥梁结构在纵向地震动作用下的非线性地震反应行为进行了分析,得到了两种桥梁结构桥墩的弯矩、剪力、位移以及塑性铰转角时程。结果表明,在同一地震动作用下,T形刚构桥墩所受弯矩小于连续梁,所受剪力大于连续梁,桥墩塑性铰的转角远小于连续梁。因此,在同等损伤程度和保证桥墩抗剪能力的情况下,T形刚构比连续梁能够承受更强的地震。