连续小波变换识别位场场源法的噪声影响分析与尺度因子的选择

为提高连续小波变换识别位场场源准确度,研究噪声对场源识别结果的影响和尺度因子优选方法问题。根据连续小波变换识别位场场源的基本原理,用该方法对不同噪声水平的合成数据进行场源识别,分析噪声对于场源识别结果的影响,研究小波变换的尺度因子对噪声压制的效果,讨论连续小波变换进行场源识别时尺度因子的选取方法。理论模型和实测资料场源识别结果表明,噪声会降低连续小波变换场源识别结果的准确度,笔者提出的尺度因子优选方法能有效压制噪声干扰,提高场源识别结果的准确度。     

基于周期项参数模型的GPS流动观测改正方法研究

利用GPS流动观测站200 km范围内站点的连续观测时间序列提高GPS流动观测的定位精度,探讨GPS流动观测结果的可靠性。结果表明：1）流动观测站点速度测量值与连续观测结果差值标准差在改正后平均减小37.97%;2）TAIN、CASH两个站点的同址观测实测值改正后偏离值平均减小38.9%。     

Y/JTG-1下架式陀螺全站仪快速定向

快速精确定向是现代陀螺定向测量的重要研究方向。本文利用下架式陀螺全站仪跟踪测量法精确测定了仪器分划板格值τ和悬带零位系数λ两个重要参数,从而使悬带零位改正更加可靠。并基于下架式陀螺全站仪跟踪测量法进一步提出采用连续采样跟踪法实现快速定向。利用跟踪一个周期的数据进行定向测量,耗时仅需12min左右,定向精度与积分法相当。     

持续开挖效应下结构面剪切力学性质与能量特征研究

基于地下岩体工程开挖扰动的实际情况,开展考虑持续开挖效应,充分反映岩体结构面应力调整过程的结构面剪切试验更具理论意义和工程应用价值。采用人工劈裂方法制备岩体结构面,开展了常规应力路径和持续开挖效应下的结构面剪切试验,系统研究了两种条件下结构面剪切力学性质、声发射特征和能量的演化规律。研究结果表明：开挖扰动荷载强度越大,结构面发生剪切破坏时的剪应力降整体上越大,但持续开挖效应下的剪应力降最大值仅为常规应力路径下剪应力降的48.57%;考虑持续开挖效应的结构面剪切过程中声发射活动主要集中于结构面受剪破坏和剪应力降产生时,且声发射活动强度与开挖扰动强度正相关,声发射振铃计数变化率极值明显小于常规应力路径下的相应值;持续开挖效应下试样裂纹发育密集度、结构面磨损区域及破坏程度均随开挖扰动强度增加而增加,但试样裂纹发育的密集程度和结构面破坏程度相对常规应力路径下的情况轻;考虑持续开挖效应的结构面发生剪切破坏时弹性应变能随扰动荷载增大而增大,均低于常规应力路径条件下的弹性应变能值,持续开挖效应降低了结构面剪切破坏的强度,但更易引发结构面发生剪切破坏。     

大兴安岭南部幸福之路组的时代及二叠—三叠系界线研究——来自凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

多数研究者认为西拉木伦河—长春—延吉断裂带为华北与西伯利亚两大板块的最后缝合带,但最后拼合时间仍存在分歧,原因之一是对晚二叠世—早三叠世地层研究不足,尤其是对上二叠统与下三叠统接触关系研究更为欠缺。幸福之路组分布于大兴安岭南部,为一套以红层为主要特征的杂色碎屑岩组合,含有叶肢介、介形虫、双壳、植物及孢粉化石。笔者对采自巴林右旗幸福之路苏木幸福之路组上段的岩屑晶屑凝灰岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年分析,结果为(254.3±2.6)Ma。结合已有的火山岩测年及化石资料认为,幸福之路组上段下部时代为晚二叠世,上部为早三叠世早期,大兴安岭地区上二叠统与下三叠统为连续沉积,晚二叠世晚期两大板块发生碰撞拼合,古亚洲洋消失,发生南北生物群的混生,早三叠世西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞结束。     

无地面控制点卫星摄影测量探讨

为解决无地面控制点的卫星摄影测量(简称无控定位)这一国际难题,对国外具有代表性的几个"全球连续覆盖模式"光学摄影测量卫星的主要技术参数特征以及无控摄影测量模式、技术措施等方面进行了系统归纳,尽管各系统在无控定位上作了种种努力,但与美国1∶50 000比例尺制图标准(水平位置误差12m,垂直高程误差6m)相比,都存在一定距离,该文认为其不足的关键在于对星敏感器测姿误差的处理上。该文还特别介绍了天绘一号卫星工程达到这一标准的主要学术与技术措施,并列举了国内外检查点检测精度一致性的实例。     

1957—2011年牙克石市低温气候特征分析

文章主要通过利用牙克石市1957—2011年(历年1—3、11—12月)的低温气候资料进行分析,找出牙克石市近55a来的低温气候变化特点。得出了低温天数的年、月变化以及与极端最低气温的对应关系,牙克石55a来共计出现低温天气673d,低温日数年际变化大,最长为47d,最少为1d,低温出现的高峰期在历年的1月份,低温强度最大值也在1月份。55a中≤-37℃低温最长连续日数长达17d,其次是13d。文章还利用Mann-kendall检验方法对低温年际变化进行了突变分析,分析发现在1984年发生了明显的突变,突变呈减少的趋势。     

Effects of continuous flow centrifugation on measurements of trace elements in river water: intrinsic contamination and particle fragmentation

Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) is a well‐established technique used in natural surface water studies to collect large amounts of suspended solids, thus allowing a broad spectrum of measurements. However, a potential contamination or changes in the particle size distribution during the centrifugation may restrain the use of CFC effluents for element analysis in the colloidal and dissolved fractions. In this paper we evaluate the possibility of using the effluent of a Westfalia centrifuge (type KA2‐06‐075, 9700 rpm) for such analysis. This evaluation is based on two laboratory experiments with deionized and tap water and two field experiments in rivers. Elemental concentration changes across the CFC were assessed from the CFC influent and effluent after a filtration at 0·45 µm. Significant increases were found, mainly in the field experiments at a high suspended solids level and a slightly acid pH. A hypothesis was made on the origin of these increases as a superposition of a centrifuge intrinsic contamination and a particle fragmentation effect. A numerical model based on elemental concentration measurements (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) gave a particle fragmentation level of 0·55% (mass percentage of particles broken up into smaller fragments during centrifugation). In another experiment, a direct particle counting (single particle counter) shows an excess of particles smaller than 500 nm in the CFC effluent, corresponding to a fragmentation level of 0·11%. In consequence, the use of CFC effluent for element analysis is possible in low‐turbidity river or lake waters, but should be carefully considered in waters with high suspended matter contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Progressive metamorphism in a crustal-scale shear zone: an example from the Léon region, north-west Brittany, France

This paper describes the progressive metamorphism and deformation of a series of metasediments, Le Conquet Schists and their higher grade equivalents, which occur as tectonically emplaced screens within a sequence of foliated gneisses, the Gneiss de Brest and Gneiss de Lesneven. The sequence exhibits a steep south to north increase in metamorphic grade from garnet-staurolite schist to sillimanite gneiss and sillimanite-K-feldspar migmatite. The relationship of mineral growth to foliation development has been established for individual screens. At least five phases of deformation (D1-D5) are preserved. Analysis of porphyroblast inclusion trails is used to demonstrate sequential mineral growth during the successive development of orthogonal foliations S1-S4. Porphyroblasts continued to grow during the subsequent development of C-S mylonite fabrics and extensional crenulation cleavages which are genetically related to a series of high-strain zones (D5). Mineral assemblages, phase relations and mineral chemistry are consistent with porphyroblast growth being the result of continuous reactions. Microstructure-porphyroblast relations are used to show that although mineral growth proceeded during continuous reactions, these only operated episodically. Phase relations, mineral chemistry and P-T estimates are used to constrain P-T trajectories and these are linked to the deformation histories within individual screens. A comparison between the resulting pressure-temperature-deformation paths is used to demonstrate that the metamorphic peak occurred progressively later and at successively lower pressures with increasing metamorphic grade. It is suggested that the early evolution of the belt is the result of crustal thickening by overthrusting. The subsequent history is one of progressive heating and unroofing of the higher grade rocks in a dextral strike-slip transtensional shear zone.