福山油田保护油气层钻井完井液技术研究

福山油田为典型凝析油气藏,储层孔隙度10%～20%,平均渗透率35?10-3 μm2,属于中孔低渗储层,部分为低孔特低渗储层,且水敏、易塌。通过试验选用了以XZD-Ⅱ为暂堵剂的屏蔽暂堵钻井完井液实施油气层保护,取得了较好的保护效果。     

带凝析气顶挥发性油藏水平井优化设计:以轮南油田JⅢ(6+7)油组为例

针对轮南油田JⅢ(6+7)油组曲实际油藏地质条件,利用相图判别法研究了该油藏的流体类型,并确定了油环的大小.在此基础上提出利用水平井开发此类泊藏,并进行了优化设计研究.研究结果表明:JⅢ(6+7)油组的油环原油地层流体样品为挥发油体系,并且油环的体积远大于凝析气顶.本油组适合水平井开发,水平段长度为350～400 m较...     

塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田地质特征与开发机理研究

塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田具有地层压力高、凝析油含量高和露点压力高等显著特点。在分析其主要地质特征的基础上建立了地质模型来准确地预测储层中影响注气效果的高渗透层的分布规律。通过对凝析气田地质特征和开发机理的深入研究,发现对于高渗、高含油的凝析气藏,由于凝析油临界流动饱和度较低,可以采用衰竭式开发方式;而对于储层物性较差的高含油凝析气藏,则适合保持压力开发。据此不仅建成了我国凝析油产能规模最大的凝析气田--牙哈凝析气田,还在多个气田开发前期评价及柯克亚凝析气田综合调整中得到广泛应用,在开发实践中形成了一套适合于塔里木盆地超深高压凝析气藏的开发技术系列。     

凝析气藏的成因类型与成藏模式

根据凝析气藏形成过程中相态变化,可将其分为原生凝析气藏和次生凝析气藏。原生凝析气藏是有机质直接生成凝析气,并以气相运移聚集成藏,成藏过程中不存在相态变化。次生凝析气藏是圈闭中轻质油溶解于天然气中形成的凝析气藏,成藏过程中流体相态发生了变化。本文从两类凝析气藏的地质、地球化学特征分析入手,分析了凝析气藏的成藏模式和剖面上的相态分布,最后指出了区分二者的意义。     

Application of Statistical Methods to Biomarkers for Geochemical Evaluation and Genetic Type Determination of Gas Condensates in the Persian Gulf and Coastal Fars, Southern Iran

In a comprehensive geochemical study, the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age and sedimentary paleoenvironment. Chemometric analysis was used for categorization and determination of a certitude range to determine the genetic type of the condensate families in the studied basin. The samples were collected from Late Permian – Triassic reservoirs (Dalan and Kangan formations) located in 6 gasfields (gas condensate) hosting some of Iran’s most important gas/gas condensate reserves. Obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a total of 16 biomarker parameters (10 maturity-related parameters and 6 sedimentary environment-related parameters) were used to evaluate the samples in terms of thermal maturity (and hence their positions in the maturity chart), the sedimentary environment of the source rock and the lithology. Application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to the collected data led to the categorization of the samples into three main genetic groups, I–III. Groups I and III were found to be located in the east and the west of the Persian Gulf, respectively, while Group II was developed between the two other groups.     

腐殖型凝析气的研究──以塔里木盆地为例

以往对凝析气的生成多以地球化学过程为研究重点,对生成物相态的物理过程很少作深入探讨。文中以烃类生成的热模拟实验获得的地球化学资料为基础,利用油藏工程中相态研究的方法,讨论凝析气生成模式。腐殖型源岩的兄为0．5％～1．9％的演化阶段,生成物的相态为凝析气相,在成藏过程中温度、压力变化不十分强烈的条件下,易于形成凝析气藏,塔里木盆地广泛分布的凝析气藏提供了良好的研究实例。     

Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.     

Chaos in a Bose-Einstein condensate

It is demonstrated that Smale-horseshoe chaos exists in the time evolution of the one-dimensional Bose--Einstein condensate driven by time-periodic harmonic or inverted-harmonic potential. A formally exact solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is constructed, which describes the matter shock waves with chaotic or periodic amplitudes and phases.     

松辽盆地齐家-古龙凹陷凝析油气藏成因

为了阐明齐家-古龙凹陷所发现的凝析油气藏的成因, 结合研究区凝析油气藏所处的地质背景、油油对比认识, 设计进行了原油的热蒸发模拟实验.结果表明, 区内凝析油与下伏的黑油同源, 这暗示了其次生成因; 实验室热蒸发模拟实验支持上部的凝析油为下部黑油的热蒸发作用所产生.这种热蒸发作用可能是通过断层或微裂缝实现的.热蒸发成因将使区内形成大规模的凝析气藏的可能性减小, 勘探的有利目标应该在有利于蒸发作用发生的通道、但目前埋深仍然较大、温压较高的地区.