真实感云的快速渲染算法的研究与实现

云是自然场景最常见的自然现象,然而其不规则的外观和复杂的运动使云的模拟难度很大。在分析和研究了元胞自动机建模方法的基础上,采用元胞自动机生成云的初始模型,通过billboard的自转简化云的运动算法,并将单向散射与多重散射相结合的方式构造云的光照模型。通过该方法提高了云渲染的效率,同时满足了云场景的真实性。实验结果表明,该算法能以较高的帧率实现云的仿真效果同时不失真实性。     

不同时相遥感图像光机复合处理提取土地荒漠化信息研究

光机复合处理技术大大简化了常规遥感制图方法的繁琐步骤，它利用不同时相的遥感图像提取出土地荒漠化变化信息，不仅能确定土地是否发生了荒漠化以及荒漠化的强弱程度，而且还能已荒漠化的土地按荒漠化变化程度分为５种荒漠化无变化型，３种荒漠化强型和４种荒漠化减弱型，所生成图像上反映出自然景观带不仅与实地情况完全一致，而且带界精度都能保证在一下像元之内。     

Characterizing solute transport in undisturbed soil cores using electrical and X‐ray tomographic methods

Solute transport in undisturbed soil is a complex process and detailed information on the transport characteristics is needed to provide fundamental understanding of the processes involved. X‐ray computer tomography (CT) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) have been used to gain information on the transport characteristics. Both methods are non‐intrusive and do not disturb the soil, in contrast to other methods. CT provides high resolution information on bulk density and macropores, while ERT provides a three‐dimensional image of the internal resistivity structure. By adding a suitable solute under steady‐state flow, the internal resistivity changes can be interpreted as a change in resident concentrations. In our experiment two cores from different field sites were investigated. The ERT measurements revealed two transport modes (one fast and one slow) in one of the cores and only one mode in the other. This was consistent with the results of transfer function modelling on the independently measured breakthrough curves (BTCs). The fast transport mode is perhaps a result of many connected macropores, detected by CT, but this could not be verified with the ERT measurements because of the coarser resolution. However, with ERT in both cases we were able to explain the observed BTC qualitatively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visualization of geochemical data on maps at the Geological Survey of Finland

Software for presentation of geochemical data on maps has been integrated into a user-friendly package, ALKEMIA, at the Geological Survey of Finland (GSF). ALKEMIA contains procedures for generating dot maps, colour surface maps, shaded relief maps, and vector images, and for interpolating and smoothing irregularly gridded data. Combining dots and colour surfaces provides a means of visually integrating up to three variables on a map, revealing the spatial relationships between them. The methods employed are described in detail, particularly the moving weighted median, which has been widely used at the GSF for interpolating and smoothing geochemical and other numerical data. Several geochemical and oncological atlases and series of maps have been produced with these methods.     

基于语义的气象信息检索系统的构建

针对当前信息资源分散、气象知识专业性强、网络信息获取准确性和可靠性不能保证等问题,设计了一个基于语义的气象信息检索系统,为用户提供了一个人机交互平台。系统主要运用基于本体的语义检索和语义扩展能力,通过构建气象知识本体,建立气象信息本体库,利用推理规则,查询检索词条对应的描述、关键字等解释属性以及扩展查询其兄弟类、父类、子类词条,在交互过程中不断调整检索词条,实现气象知识的准确获取。实验结果表明该系统能有效提高气象信息的利用率,提高用户信息获取的准确性。     

老年人脑转移瘤的CT诊断及临床特点

目的：通过临床及手术病理对照，分析了63例老年人脑转移瘤的CT表现，探讨老年人脑转移瘤的CT征象及诊断意义。材料与方法：63例患者包括多发者39例，单发者24例。CT检查病例全部平扫，其中49例行增强扫描，观察CT对脑转移瘤的定位及定量价值，总结CT变化规律。结果：CT发现病灶118个，其中单发病灶34个占28.3%，2个病灶的58个占49%，2个病灶以上的26个占22.7%。目前CT对老年人脑转移瘤的定位，定量，定性都有特征性，方便快捷应为首选。     

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.     

定量遥感尺度效应刍议

目前定量遥感在面向国家需求、面向基础研究方面,存在海量遥感数据无法有效利用、定量遥感研究缺乏普适性和系统性、遥感应用难以再上新台阶等主要问题。因此,目前的遥感科学研究需要整合,需要向前迈出一大步。由于地表的异质性,我们如果只停留在演绎普适的机理模型在特定地点作个性化的处理,是不能适合地学的应用和研究的。必须在已有的反演和实验数据的基础上,用归纳的方法,总结出一些规律性的东西。走我国自然地理学"自上而下的演绎方法和自下而上归纳方法的结合"研究"尺度综合"的路子,在解决遥感科学核心问题"尺度效应"方面先搭建一个方法框架,同时建立几个开放的相关平台(如数据,反演,计算机模拟,等等),与有关学科的专家共享。     

计算机仿真动画在道路工程上的应用

以前,制作3维模型和3维计算机动画是一项极复杂的工作,需要有昂贵及专门的计算机系统,在专业技术人士的操作下才能做到。随着科技的发展,计算机技术日新月异,各种具备不同功能的计算机动画操作系统被广泛采用。在2001年,香港特别行政区政府路政署,购入一套以数码摄影测量软件为主的计算机仿真动画系统(Photogrammetry-Based Computer Animation System),开始制作仿真道路工程的计算机漫游动画,协助工程师在多个大型道路工程开展前,利用3维空间资料和3维影像短片作出评估和审核,得到令人满意的效果。本论文主要探讨计算机动画在道路工程方面的各项应用,包括：地貌的检视;预视拟建的道路网络对环境及景观的影响;提供道路设施的形状、颜色和位置的分析;在宣传推广道路设计方面的用途。此外,本文还介绍了动画制作的技术和工作模式,以及在过程中遇到的困难和解决方法．     

最佳主时钟算法的研究与实现

为确保IEEE 1588v2能够顺利建立起基于全网的主从时钟体系,通过对最佳主时钟算法关键参数的介绍和工作原理的分析,总结了在实现过程中的关键要素,并给出一套完善的实现方法.经测试,按照该方法实现的最佳主时钟算法,可以有效抵御外部因素的干扰,及时处理网络中出现的异常情况,顺利完成时钟源的选取工作.