一种实用的街区局地气象场计算方法

将计算流体力学(CFD)技术与中尺度数值天气模式预报结合,提出了一种实现米级分辨率的街区局地气象场的计算方法。介绍了该方法的基本原理、特点、实现条件和用途等,并用实例展示了其应用领域。     

河湖沙冲淤和三角洲发育的长期数值模拟研究

本文利用一个二维的水动力学和泥沙冲淤动力学模式,对河床演变和三角洲的发育过程进行数值模拟研究。动力模式包括水流方程、悬沙输送方程和底床变化（含推移质运动）方程。数值积分格式采用ＩＡＰ平方守恒格式和分解算法,使计算既省时又长期稳定。对一个理想的河湖区域进行了长达５０年的数值积分。模拟结果肯定了曾庆存等以前得到的主要结论,并得到一些新的结论。研究表明：泥沙首先在河流入口处沉积,并逐渐向下游推进和向河槽两边延伸;随着泥沙的沉积,底床逐渐升高,在河槽中形成了一个沙岛;在沙岛上游,原河槽中沉积的泥沙又被冲刷,重新出现深河道;数值积分５０年后,人口处已形成一个巨大的冲积扇（水下三角洲）,并不断向下游扩展,三角洲（包括沙岛）的前缘十分陡峭;由于泥沙的沉积,河床抬升,水深变小,水流速度场在整个堆积扇上明显增大,并在三角洲前缘出现明显的绕岛环流和河流分叉现象。模拟结果还表明,在漫滩区泥沙只淤不冲,而在河槽中既有淤积又有冲刷。此外,由于泥沙的淤积,使得湖型水库的水流入口处（库尾）水位明显抬高（即所谓“翘尾巴”现象）。这些结果在定性上与有关湖泊型水库淤积的观测事实是相当符合的。     

Computational reproducibility in geoscientific papers: Insights from a series of studies with geoscientists and a reproduction study

Reproducibility is a cornerstone of science and thus for geographic research as well. However, studies in other disciplines such as biology have shown that published work is rarely reproducible. To assess the state of reproducibility, specifically computational reproducibility (i.e. rerunning the analysis of a paper using the original code), in geographic research, we asked geoscientists about this topic using three methods: a survey (n = 146), interviews (n = 9), and a focus group (n = 5). We asked participants about their understanding of open reproducible research (ORR), how much it is practiced, and what obstacles hinder ORR. We found that participants had different understandings of ORR and that there are several obstacles for authors and readers (e.g. effort, lack of openness). Then, in order to complement the subjective feedback from the participants, we tried to reproduce the results of papers that use spatial statistics to address problems in the geosciences. We selected 41 open access papers from Copernicus and Journal of Statistical Software and executed the R code. In doing so, we identified several technical issues and specific issues with the reproduced figures depicting the results. Based on these findings, we propose guidelines for authors to overcome the issues around reproducibility in the computational geosciences.     

基于局部时间步长方法的潮流数值模型研究及应用

为了准确快速地模拟潮流过程,将局部时间步长(LTS)方法应用于基于黎曼近似解通量——有限体积法的浅水模型。LTS方法和传统整体最小时间步长方法的计算性能对比表明,两种方法的计算结果定量差异远小于模拟值与实测值之间相对误差;但由于LTS方法对每个网格采用了与稳定性条件相适应的尽可能大的时间步长,计算效率大幅度提高。本模型计算所得渤海、黄海、东海的潮流传播过程、潮汐调和常数的空间分布、无潮点位置,以及长江口和杭州湾区域的潮流过程与已有认识和实测资料吻合良好。     

多级可分离式AUV系统设计与仿真分析

多级可分离式自主水下航行器(MS-AUV)可搭载多种不同功能的载荷舱,并在目标海域完成载荷舱布放。其在海洋探测,海防等领域具有较高的应用价值。对MS-AUV进行了主体结构和分离机构的设计和研究,其中功能载荷舱与航行器本体采用真空连接方式,实现多级连接,降低了机构的复杂性,提高了载荷舱分离运动的稳定性和安全性。为了研究载荷舱与航行器分离的安全性,采用CFD和六自由度(6-DOF)刚体运动学的耦合方法来模拟其在水下的分离运动。在仿真过程中,采用弹簧光顺和局部重构混合网格生成方法的非结构化动态网格可以很好地适应大距离多体分离运动。仿真结果表明,在一定工况条件下,提高MS-AUV初始航行速度V0和分离机构弹簧刚度K有利于载荷与航行器本体分离。通过上述研究工作,验证了载荷分离方法的可行性,缩短研制周期,降低设计成本,对多级可分离式AUV样机的设计制造具有重要的参考价值。     

GIS支持下计算格网自动生成技术

计算格网生成是流体力学数值模拟过程中的一项主要工作,以往普遍采用手工剖分方法,其结果对数值模拟产生很大影响。将地理信息系统(GIS)技术引入格网生成过程,利用计算机自动生成计算格网,并在此基础上讨论了以GIS为主控过程的集成数值模拟环境及其功能。     

IMPROVEMENT ON COMPUTING THE HORIZONTAL PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE IN THE REGCM2

The technique on computing the horizontal pressure gradient force(PGF)in RegCM2 isimproved with the error subtraction method.Moreover,the regional climate in June of 1991 inChina is simulated by employing the RegCM2.Comparison with other schemes for computing thePGF shows that the error subtraction method can effectively reduce the error of the PGF,improvethe simulation of winds and alleviate the spurious precipitation in steep topographic areas.Furthermore,the simulation of precipitation in other areas is in better accordance with theobservation.     

Evaluation of Hydrodynmic Coefficients of Ships Oscillating in A Numerical Wave Tank

A technique for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of ships is outlined for ship oscillating in a numerical wave tank,which is established on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) theories.The numerical simulation of ship sections and bodies forced oscillating in the tank are carried out.The added mass and damping coefficients are obtained by the decomposition of the computational results,which agree well with the corresponding ones of potential theories.     

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Deepwater Drilling Risers Subjected to Random Loads

Excited by ocean currents, random wave and vessel motion, deepwater drilling risers exhibit significant dynamic response. In time domain, a method is proposed to calculate the nonlinear dynamic response of deepwater drilling risers subjected to random wave and dynamic large displacement vessel motion boundary condition. Structural and functional loads, external and internal pressure, free surface effect of irregular wave, hydrodynamic forces induced by current and wave, as well as wave and low frequency (drift) motion of the drilling vessel are all accounted for. An example is presented which illustrates the application of the proposed method. The study shows that long term drift motion of the vessel has profound effect on the envelopes of bending stress and lateral displacement, as well as the range of lower flex joint angle of the deepwater riser. It can also be concluded that vessel motion is the principal dynamic loading of nonlinear dynamic response for the deepwater risers rather than wave force.