非线性平流方程计算稳定性对初值的依赖性研究

对一维平流方程向前差格式的一个计算不稳定特例进行了讨论，给出了四个命题，并得出结论：在一定的条件下，可以对初值稍加改变，使其在x轴一侧分布而达到计算稳定，从而改进并修正了已有的相关结论。     

线性与非线性发展方程计算稳定性的比较分析

针对性与非线性发展方程的几种差分格式，以一维线性和非线性平流方程为例，对线性与非线笥发展方程差分格式的计算稳定性进行了比较分析，揭示了差分格式结构和初值形式与计算稳定性的关系。理论分析和数值试验证明，线性与非线性发展方程差分格式的计算稳定性在本质上是完全不同的。     

基于计算智能的土地适宜性评价模型

将计算智能理论引入土地评价领域，构建了一个全新的土地适宜性评价模型。首先基于模糊逻辑和人工神经网络构造了一个模糊神经网络模型，然后采用改进的遗传算法进行训练，能够快速收敛到最优解，对初始的规则库进行修正，形成了一个自学习、自适应的评价系统。     

Assessing a numerical cellular braided‐stream model with a physical model

A. B. Murray and C. Paola (1994, Nature, vol. 371, pp. 54–57; 1997, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol. 22, pp. 1001–1025) proposed a cellular model for braided river dynamics as an exploratory device for investigating the conditions necessary for the occurrence of braiding. The model reproduces a number of the general morphological and dynamic features of braided rivers in a simplified form. Here we test the representation of braided channel morphodynamics in the Murray–Paola model against the known characteristics (mainly from a sequence of high resolution digital elevation models) of a physical model of a braided stream. The overall aim is to further the goals of the exploratory modelling approach by first investigating the capabilities and limitations of the existing model and then by proposing modifications and alternative approaches to modelling of the essential features of braiding. The model confirms the general inferences of Murray and Paola (1997) about model performance. However, the modelled evolution shows little resemblance to the real evolution of the small‐scale laboratory river, although this depends to some extent on the coarseness of the grid used in the model relative to the scale of the topography. The model does not reproduce the bar‐scale topography and dynamics even when the grid scale and amplitude of topography are adapted to be equivalent to the original Murray–Paola results. Strong dependence of the modelled processes on local bed slopes and the tendency for the model to adopt its own intrinsic scale, rather than adapt to the scale of the pre‐existing topography, appear to be the main causes of the differences between numerical model results and the physical model morphology and dynamics. The model performance can be improved by modification of the model equations to more closely represent the water surface but as an exploratory approach hierarchical modelling promises greater success in overcoming the identified shortcomings. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the determination of paleoheat-flux using data on end-point state of thermal indicators

The analysis of short-time heat-flux imulse recovery using thermal indicators data in the end-point state is presented. The solution of problem discussed is feasible if the heat-conduction equation incorporates heat-flux spatial variation. The results of computational experiments confirm the feasibility of short-time heat-flux impulse retrieval.     

LONG VALID TIME ENERGY PERFECT CONSERVATIVE FIDELITY SPECTRAL SCHEMES OF BAROTROPIC PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS

In accordance with a new compensation principle of discrete computations,the traditional meteo-rological global (pseudo-) spectral schemes of barotropic primitive equation (s) are transformed intoperfect energy conservative fidelity schemes,thus resolving the problems of both nonlinear computa-tional instability and incomplete energy conservation,and raising the computational efficiency of thetraditional schemes.As the numerical tests of the new schemes demonstrate,in solving the problem of energy conser-vation in operational computations,the new schemes can eliminate the (nonlinear) computational in-stability and,to some extent even the (nonlinear) computational diverging as found in the traditionalschemes,Further contrasts between new and traditional schemes also indicate that,in discrete opera-tional computations,the new scheme in the case of nondivergence is capable of prolonging the valid in-tegral time of the corresponding traditional scheme,and eliminating certain kind of systematical com-putational“climate drift”,meanwhile increasing its computational accuracy and reducing its amount ofcomputation.The working principle of this paper is also applicable to the problem concerning baroclin-ic primitive equations.     

区域蒸散发量的气候学计算方法

本文介绍了一种计算区域蒸散发量的气候学方法。本法应用Ｂｏｕｃｈｅｔ区域蒸散发互补关系概念，以陕西省５５个流域或区间的常规地面气候观测资料为基本输入，建立了区域蒸散发互补关系模型。该模型具有计算成果合理，精度较高，适应性广等特点。     

流域蒸散发的气候学计算

应用武汉市日射站和东湖蒸发站的长期观测资料，对彭曼公式中的各项进行探讨和修正，研究反射率的计算方法，并采用气候学方法计算水面蒸发量和流域蒸散发能力，结果较为满意。     

Intercomparison of Two Box Models of the Chemical Evolution in Biomass-Burning Smoke Plumes

Results from two independently developed biomass-burning smoke plume models are compared. Model results were obtained for the temporal evolution of two nascent smoke plumes originating from significantly different fire environments (an Alaskan boreal forest and an African savanna). The two smoke plume models differed by 1%–10% for [O₃], with similar differences for NO _x and formaldehyde (relative percent differences). Smaller intermodel differences were observed for the African savanna smoke plume as compared to the plume from the Alaskan boreal fire. Mechanistic differences between the models are heightened for the Alaskan smoke plume due to the higher VOC emission ratios as compared to the African savanna fire. The largest deviations result from the differences in oxidative photochemical mechanisms, with a smaller contribution attributable to the calculation of photolysis frequencies. The differences between the two smoke plume models are significantly smaller than the uncertainties of available photokinetic data or field measurements. Model accuracy depends most significantly on having the fullest possible VOC data, a requirement that is constrained by currently available instrumentation.     

钢筋混凝土框架结构计算机仿真与并行计算

介绍了钢筋混凝土框架结构计算机仿真和并行计算的研究现状。数值仿真主要采用有限元、离散元等数学物理模型,而可视化技术及图形仿真基于图形学和图像处理技术,是驾驭计算过程及理解大体积数据的唯一有效途径。有限元并行计算有SBS、EBE两种策略,非线性求解有直接与迭代解法,动力时程分析有显式、隐式和精细时程积分法。最后介绍了并行计算在钢筋混凝土结构分析中的应用。