岩石结构分形维数与岩石压缩强度关系的探讨

运用分形几何学的理论和方法研究煤层顶板岩石的结构，发现岩石的粒度结构和孔隙结构均具有自相似性，粒度分形维数和孔隙分形维数与岩石压缩强度之间有良好的相关关系，故可以用岩石结构的分形维数定量表述岩石的压缩强度。     

用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场

利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。     

不同温控曲线对石灰改良黄土强度影响研究

青海季节性冻土地区工程建设受冻融循环作用和黄土湿陷性的双重影响,工程上常采用石灰与黄土拌和作为垫层材料以满足工程要求,但冻融循环作用依旧对地基土体的性能有所影响。为探究青海季节性地区气候变化对地基土所带来的不利影响,采用3种温控曲线（1#、2#和3#温控曲线）模拟了青海季节性冻土地区气候变化规律,通过无侧限抗压强度试验和SEM等微观试验,分析不同温控曲线对2∶8、3∶7灰土强度和微观结构的变化规律。结果表明3∶7和2∶8灰土的应力-应变关系均呈现应变软化型,0~6次冻融过程中试样的无侧限抗压强度随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐降低,继续增加冻融循环次数后其强度有所上升;冻融循环6次时灰土内部孔隙分布相较于冻融20次时多,且随着冻融循环次数的增加颗粒间接触方式由点-点、点-面接触向面-面接触转变;1#温控曲线的微观定量参数较2#、3#温控曲线变化明显,经历1#曲线时试样内部孔隙更为圆滑,结构排列疏松,1#温控曲线对试样结构和强度的影响程度相对较弱。     

Shear strength characteristics of Irbid clayey soil mixed with iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture

Iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture were used to improve the shear strength characteristics of Irbid clayey soil. For this purpose, five types of Irbid clay soils were obtained and mixed with iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture at different percentages. Two sets of prepared samples were mixed with the admixture. The first set was prepared by mixing the soil samples with iron filling alone at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% by dry weight of the soil. The second set was prepared by mixing with iron filling–cement mixture at equal ratio of the same percentages of the first set. An unconfined compression test was performed in this study to measure the shear strength properties of the soils. The test results showed that the increase in the percentages of the iron filling and iron filling–cement mixture up to 10% will result in increasing the maximum dry density of the soil and increase the unconfined compressive strength and the secant of modulus of elasticity of the clayey soil. Also, the addition of iron filling–cement mixture increased the unconfined compressive strength and secant modulus of elasticity of the clayey soil higher than the addition of iron filling alone.     

基于压缩感知的遥感影像弹性配准方法

针对遥感影像由于载荷类型、观测角度、地形起伏等内外部因素造成的影像局部几何畸变,而基于全局配准方法制约着影像配准精度的提高,基于像元的弹性配准方法可大幅提升遥感影像的配准精度,但是存在运算效率这一瓶颈等问题,该文利用像元弹性配准参数的稀疏性,提出一种基于压缩感知的弹性配准方法。通过对遥感影像像元梯度幅值响应较强的点进行随机抽样,形成观测样本点集,采用弹性配准局部参数解算模型求解样本点平移参数;通过压缩感知稀疏重构算法重构影像各像元平移参数。实验表明,在配准精度差异较小和一定的参数设置条件下,该方法可显著提高弹性配准运算速度。     

天然淡水冰单轴压缩强度及其温度和应变率效应

本文报道了在不同温度和不同应变率下天然淡水冰单轴压缩强度的实验结果。指出S—l型柱状晶粒冰的压缩强度随着温度的降低而增加,极限压缩强度在应变率为10~(-4)S(-1)时有一个最大值。本实验的应变率范围是10~(-5)—10~0s~(-1)。10~(-1)—10~0s~(-1)的应变率范围是在冲击速度lm/s左右的实验条件下获得的,这个速度接近于浮冰与海上结构物相撞的情况。以本实验为基础,有希望发展对海冰的实验技术。     

内蒙兴和曹四夭钼矿床工程地质条件及其对矿山开发的影响

曹四夭钼矿床是目前全国发现并探明的10个超大型钼矿床中唯一以太古宙基底作为赋矿围岩的矿床。太古宇及其岩性为集宁岩群黄土窑岩组浅粒岩和变粒岩;岩石饱和抗压强度10.56~106.02 MPa,属软弱-坚硬岩类;其利于开采而不利于支护。岩、矿体整体属中等-稳定岩体,局部岩体稳定性差,工程地质勘查类型为第三类第一型。在未来矿山开采过程中应注意局部的软弱夹层,尤其是在构造破碎带或碎裂岩石区等地段实施坑道作业易发生矿山工程地质问题,应加强支护;其余岩段稳固性能尚属良好。     

Strength Characteristics of the Cement-Stabilized Surface Layer in Dredged and Reclaimed Marine Clay, Korea

A series of tests in both laboratory and field were performed to investigate the engineering and mechanical properties, especially flexural strength, of cement-stabilized soils. The strength of cement-stabilized soils mainly depends on water-to-cement ratio and curing temperature. The higher curing temperature and the longer curing time, the higher strength in cement-stabilized soils generates. The high ratio of water-to-cement results in lower strength. The compressive strength observed in the field is similar to the strength in the laboratory. Field tests on a cement-stabilized soil layer indicate that the strength is significantly affected by the thickness of the improved layer, which is directly related to the moment of inertia. In addition, the failure shape observed in a cement-stabilized layer in the field looks likes a bending failure type, because the flexural tensile strength, rather than the compressive strength, mainly dominates the failure of cement-stabilized layer. The flexural tensile strength is closely related to the moment of inertia. Therefore, the flexural tensile strength should be considered for determining the thickness and strength in improvement of soft clay.     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的节理岩体能量参数估算

岩体变形和破坏可以看作能量耗散和释放的过程.由于节理岩体结构复杂且难以开展室内试验,因此无法通过试验直接求取其能量学参数.基于Hoek-Brown准则和岩石能量理论,提出了节理岩体在临界状态能量学参数的估算方法.针对含贯通节理(或层面)岩体,通过修正岩块单轴抗压强度以体现贯通节理的方向效应.采用PFC3D分别模拟小尺寸岩样(Φ50mm×100mm)和大尺寸岩体(Φ2m×2m)的三轴压缩试验,通过岩石三轴试验结果拟合岩石数值模拟的细观参数并应用于节理岩体的模拟.根据节理岩体模拟得到应力应变曲线和能量流,验证了Hoek-Brown准则对节理岩体能量参数估算的合理性.