球团矿不同气氛下的高温抗压强度

采用自行设计的高温抗压强度在线测定装置,研究了氧化球团矿在不同气氛下的高温强度变化规律,并对高温下强度变化的机理进行了分析和探讨.实验结果表明：球团矿在中性气氛和氧化性气氛下的高温强度变化规律基本一致,表现为在低于800℃的温度范围内,球团矿强度随着温度的上升而增大,但在800～900℃球团矿强度有个明显的下降,900～1100℃球团矿强度随温度的升高略有回升,1100℃以后强度急剧下降,到1200℃时已基本失去强度;中性气氛下的球团强度整体高于氧化性气氛下的强度;在还原性气氛下,球团矿强度随着温度和还原度的提高而降低,至1100℃时强度基本消失.     

Coal strength and Young's modulus related to coal rank,compressional velocity and maceral composition

This paper presents an experimental investigation of coal rank and maceral composition influences on the coal mechanical behaviors. The complete stress–strain behavior, uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, and acoustic compressional velocity were measured and correlated to coal ranks and microstructures. The test results show that coal is an elasto-brittle geo-material and its uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus increase as coal rank increases. This occurs because as vitrinite reflectance or coal rank increases, coal has less microporous structure and thus higher uniaxial compressive strength. Therefore, using vitrinite reflectance value instead of vitrinite content is advantageous for correlating coal strength. The experimental results also demonstrate that compressive strength and Young's modulus have positive exponential correlation, even for different types of coal. Therefore, the compressive strength of coal is highly related to its Young's modulus. The uniaxial compressive strength and acoustic compressional velocity of coal are also correlated, but a single correlation does not exist for different coal ranks; instead, different relationships occur for different types of coal.     

Rock Strength Evaluation during Progressive Failure Process Based on Fractural Characterization

A series of laboratory tests was performed to study the decrease of the rock strength during its progressive failure process. Hoek–Brown criterion was adopted as the means to estimate rock strength. The parameters m and s of the criterion for different stages of progressive failure process were derived from the results of triaxial tests. To better evaluate the strength changes over a very wide range of length scales, fractals were introduced to describe the fractures of rock for each stage. Based on the test results, liner fitting expressions were used to approximate the relationship between the fractal dimension D of surface crack and parameters m and s to reflect the strength change of the rock with different fracture state for both model and full scales.     

纳米二氧化硅在固井水泥浆中的应用研究进展

近年来,纳米二氧化硅由于其本身超高的比表面积及与水泥的火山灰反应,在石油天然气工业中引起了广泛的关注。本文系统梳理了纳米二氧化硅在固井水泥浆中的研究现状,着重介绍了纳米二氧化硅对固井水泥浆的失水量和稠化时间、对水泥石的力学性能和微观结构的影响,总结了NS在高温条件下的性能表现,探讨了纳米二氧化硅在固井水泥浆的应用中存在的问题、面临的挑战以及未来的发展方向,以期对纳米二氧化硅在固井领域的 应用和发展有所帮助。     

疏水材料处理吉林西部乾安地区盐渍土的力学强度试验

为了给吉林西部乾安地区盐渍土边坡水渠工程施工提供理论依据及施工参考,利用新型泥土超疏水乳液（CN）对该区盐渍土进行了处理,研究了不同处理条件下CN对盐渍土土体力学强度的影响,将经过不同处理的素土与CN土无侧限抗压强度进行对比,结果表明：1）在不同含水率条件下,CN土的无侧限抗压强度均有较大提升,且在14.86%含水率时取得最大提升率98.90%;随着含水率的增加,素土与CN土应力-应变曲线均存在由硬化型向软化型的转变,其阈值在最优含水率附近。2）随着压实度的增加,CN土无侧限抗压强度逐渐增强,在90%压实度条件下取得最大提升率130.77%;且CN处理后,原本呈塑性硬化型的素土转变成脆性软化型。3）盐分的增加对于CN土无侧限抗压强度起到了抑制作用,在0.3%含盐量条件下取得最大无侧限抗压强度1.33 MPa;过量的盐分结晶会破坏CN形成的纳米结构疏水膜,使得在高含盐量条件下,CN土的抗压强度低于素土。4）扫描电镜实验对CN土微观机理探讨,CN处理后使得土颗粒团聚呈大颗粒,颗粒表面光滑,孔隙发育减少。结构单元体和孔隙单元体的分析证明了处理后土体连结更为紧密,从而提升抗压强度。     

Non-parametric machine learning methods for interpolation of spatially varying non-stationary and non-Gaussian geotechnical properties

Spatial interpolation has been frequently encountered in earth sciences and engineering.A reasonable appraisal of subsurface heterogeneity plays a significant role in planning,risk assessment and decision making for geotechnical practice.Geostatistics is commonly used to interpolate spatially varying properties at un-sampled locations from scatter measurements.However,successful application of classic geostatistical models requires prior characterization of spatial auto-correlation structures,which poses a great challenge for unexperienced engineers,particularly when only limited measurements are available.Data-driven machine learning methods,such as radial basis function network(RBFN),require minimal human intervention and provide effective alternatives for spatial interpolation of non-stationary and non-Gaussian data,particularly when measurements are sparse.Conventional RBFN,however,is direction independent(i.e.isotropic)and cannot quantify prediction uncertainty in spatial interpolation.In this study,an ensemble RBFN method is proposed that not only allows geotechnical anisotropy to be properly incorporated,but also quantifies uncertainty in spatial interpolation.The proposed method is illustrated using numerical examples of cone penetration test(CPT)data,which involve interpolation of a 2D CPT cross-section from limited continuous 1D CPT soundings in the vertical direction.In addition,a comparative study is performed to benchmark the proposed ensemble RBFN with two other non-parametric data-driven approaches,namely,Multiple Point Statistics(MPS)and Bayesian Compressive Sensing(BCS).The results reveal that the proposed ensemble RBFN provides a better estimation of spatial patterns and associated prediction uncertainty at un-sampled locations when a reasonable amount of data is available as input.Moreover,the prediction accuracy of all the three methods improves as the number of measurements increases,and vice versa.It is also found that BCS prediction is less sensitive to the number of measurement data and outperforms RBFN and MPS when only limited point observations are available.     

深海腐蚀检测用水密电子舱设计

设计了一种可在300 m 水深条件下进行腐蚀电化学在线检测作业的水密电子舱, 它主要由耐压水密壳体以及集成在壳体外部的插接件式电极系统和多孔屏蔽罩组成。耐压壳体由圆柱形筒体和加强型平盖构成, 满足设计条件下的强度、密封、防腐要求。三电极系统采用水密接插件式设计, 安装在加强型平盖上; 电极系统与外部多孔罩组成开放屏蔽式电解池, 可在水下进行在线电化学测试。     

Stress-Strain Behavior of Light-Weighted Soils

Unconfined and triaxial compression tests were carried out to examine the behavior of light-weighted soils (LWS) consisting of expanded polystyrene (EPS), dredged soils, and cement with respect to initial water content. The stress-strain behavior of LWS are analyzed with varying initial water content and silt contents of dredged soils, cement ratio, and confined stress. As initial water contents increase, the compressibility index increases and the preconsolidation pressure was vice versa. As initial water contents increase, the slope of stress-strain curve in elastic zone increases and strain rate at failure decreases and the strain rate at failure was not changed by the being of foams. As initial water contents increase, a compressive strength of LWS decreases. The decrement ratio of compressive strength of LWS with foams increases as cement content increases and initial water contents decreases. The compressive strength increases as silt contents increases.