淤泥生态浮床的构建及其对富营养化水体净化效果

利用武汉月湖清淤底泥为主要原料,配以膨胀珍珠岩为轻质材料、灰渣胶凝材料为粘合剂制得淤泥生态浮床,并考察其对富营养化水体的改善效果.研究表明,湖泊淤泥、膨胀珍珠岩、灰渣胶凝材料掺量分别为60%、15%、25%时,浮床模块的密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、吸水率、软化系数达到797.2kg/m3、1.02MPa、0.21MPa、13.2%和85.5%,满足设计需要.在为期32d的净水试验中,淤泥生态浮床对富营养化水体净化效果较好,TN、TP、NH4+-N、PO34-P、CODMn、Chl.a的去除率最高分别可达31.1%、38.6%、37.2%、36.9%、39.7%和48.8%.淤泥生态浮床有效解决了湖泊清淤底泥的处置问题,并且可对富营养化水体取得较好的生态修复效果,适合推广使用.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震余震的S波分裂研究

Shear wave splitting is studied based on the digital waveforms of three seismic stations DJS, SZD and WUJ, which were set up after the Jiujiang-Ruichang MS5.7 earthquake of November 26, 2005 around the epicenter area. The result shows that the time delays of slow shear waves of the DJS station, which is not far from the epicenter and where the distribution of faults is complex near the station, are relatively larger and the polarization directions of fast shear waves are not concentrated; the predominant polarization direction of fast shear waves of WUJ station, with single fault distributed nearby, has a difference of 35° to the strike of the fault and is inconsistent with the direction of regional principal compressive stress. The predominant polarization direction of fast shear waves of SZD station with no faults nearby is in accordance with regional principal compressive stress. There is no obvious regular relationshipship between the delay time and the focal depth.     

单桩竖向抗压静载试验数据分析与探讨

通过对单桩竖向抗压静载试验数据的分析,对单桩竖向抗压极限承载力的确定条件进行探讨,提出单桩竖向抗压静载试验数据分析应注意的事项,以便提高单桩竖向抗压静载试验结果的准确性。     

制样拌和方法对木质素纤维改良黄土强度的影响

为减小室内试验中得到的木质素纤维改良黄土试样试验数据的离散程度,对采用稀释拌和法与直接拌和法制备的改良黄土试样分别进行了无侧限抗压强度试验.通过对比两种拌和方法所制备试样的干密度变化率和无侧限抗压强度的离散性,分析了拌和方法对试样强度产生的影响.结果表明:稀释拌和法所制备的改良黄土试样养护前后干密度变化更相近,同一掺量...     

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block, Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, and Yangtze block, where several faults intersect. This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes. In this study, we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region. We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area. Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE, a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area. The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study area. This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults. The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures. The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km, slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan. This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.     

以抗压强度确定麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的加筋条件

滨海盐渍土具有盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化等不良工程地质问题,未经固化处理不能满足工程建设的强度和变形要求。借鉴合成纤维加筋土和草根土的研究成果,初步确定包括加筋长度、质量加筋率、加筋形状和石灰掺加量等因素的麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的加筋条件。通过抗压强度试验和Taguchi正交试验设计优化方法,确定最优加筋条件为：加筋长度为10 mm、加筋率为0.25 %、形状为1/4圆弧状和石灰掺加量为8 %。以麦秸秆作加筋与石灰共同加筋固化滨海盐渍土,其抗压强度试验结果表明,石灰+麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的抗压强度、抗变形能力和水稳性均优于石灰土和盐渍土。初步的研究成果对今后系统研究麦秸秆加筋滨海盐渍土的抗压强度、抗剪强度和变形特性等具有指导意义。     

活性MgO−粉煤灰固化淤泥耐久性研究

将绿色环保活性MgO?粉煤灰材料引入淤泥固化,采用系列室内模拟试验,深入研究冻融、浸水和干湿等复杂气候环境下活性MgO?粉煤灰固化淤泥试样的外观形貌和强度特征,明确外界环境干扰诱使固化淤泥性能演化的内在规律。结果表明：活性MgO?粉煤灰固化淤泥具有良好的抗冻融、抗干湿及水稳性,且活性MgO?粉煤灰掺量及MgO/粉煤灰配比提高可进一步改善活性MgO?粉煤灰固化淤泥试样的耐久性能。冻融、浸水和干湿等复杂环境显著劣化固化淤泥抗压强度,其强度水平均低于同龄期标准养护试样。固化淤泥试样无侧限抗压强度随冻融循环次数增加而逐渐降低,随浸水时间增加先降低后趋于稳定,随干湿循环次数增加呈降低的趋势。基于所得试验结果,提出了活性MgO?粉煤灰固化淤泥耐久性演变的内在微观机制模型。     

Optimized neural network using beetle antennae search for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of jet grouting coalcretes

This investigation studied the coalcrete, a new supporting material produced by jet grouting (JG) for supporting surrounding coal seams. For support design, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the coalcrete is an essential parameter to evaluate the jet grouting effect in coal mines. In this study, an intelligent technique was proposed for predicting the UCS of the coalcrete by combining back propagation neural network (BPNN) and beetle antennae search (BAS). The architecture of BPNN was first tuned by BAS, and then, the optimized BPNN-BAS model was subsequently used for nonlinear relationship modeling. Several crucial influencing variables including water-cement ratio, coal-grout ratio, and curing time were selected as the inputs. By combining these variables, 360 coalcrete samples were prepared in a controlled laboratory environment and tested for establishing the dataset. The results demonstrate that BAS can tune the BPNN architecture more efficiently compared with random selection. Moreover, in comparison with multiple regression (MLR) and logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM), the optimized BPNN-BAS model is more reliable and accurate for predicting coalcrete strength. Sensitivity analysis (SA) was used to obtain the variable importance, and the results demonstrate that curing time affects the UCS of the coalcrete most strongly, followed by water-cement ratio and coal-grout ratio. The success of this study provides an accurate and brief approach to coalcrete strength prediction.     

四种因素对纤维加筋盐渍土抗压性能的影响

滨海盐渍土的盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化等不良特性导致其抗压性能的降低。选择含水率13%、15%、17%,干密度1.77、1.80、1.84 g/cm3,加筋长度为6、12、19、25、31 mm,质量加筋率为0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%、0.3%四种影响因素,开展聚丙烯纤维加筋土的无侧限抗压试验。试验表明,抗压强度随含水率的增加而减小,随干密度的增大而增大,随加筋长度和质量加筋率的增加先增大后减小,在加筋长度为19 mm和质量加筋率为0.2%时强度达到峰值;应力-应变曲线均呈应变软化型,含水率对应力-应变的影响程度最大。多元非线性逐步回归分析得出4种因素对抗压性能的影响程度大小依次为含水率、干密度、质量加筋率和加筋长度,纤维加筋可明显提高滨海盐渍土的抗压强度及抗变形性能。     

强结构性天然沉积土的强度变形特性

广泛分布在日本大分县的天然硅藻土是一种令人惊奇的具有正常固结历史的天然沉积结构土,其含水量如豆腐,却硬如石头。由于具有强结构性,其土样不会受到取样及成形过程的扰动影响,能够在室内对其天然状态进行力学性状研究,是一种难得的天然沉积结构性土。采用最大压力达10 MPa的高压三轴仪对天然沉积硅藻土进行试验,以探讨强结构性天然沉积土的力学性状。结果表明,其固结屈服压力达到上覆压力的57倍以上,固结屈服前的压缩曲线是水平的,固结压力达到固结屈服压力时,压缩性突增。强度试验结果显示,处于固结屈服前状态的强度与应力水平无关,而处于固结屈服后状态时其强度包络线与重塑粘土同样为通过原点的直线。