晶形、杂质及温度对金刚石强度的影响

简述了影响人造金刚石抗压强度的多种因素,针对晶形、杂质及温度对金刚石强度的影响进行了实验分析,为金刚石及其制品的生产提供了有益的参考      

Behavior of expansive soils stabilized with fly ash

Expansive soils cause serious problem in the civil engineering practice due to swell and shrinkage upon wetting and drying. Disposal of fly ash, which is an industrial waste in both cost-effective and environment-friendly way receives high attention in China. In this study, the potential use and the effectiveness of expansive soils stabilization using fly ash and fly ash-lime as admixtures are evaluated. The test results show that the plasticity index, activity, free swell, swell potential, swelling pressure, and axial shrinkage percent decreased with an increase in fly ash or fly ash-lime content. With the increase of the curing time for the treated soil, the swell potential and swelling pressure decreased. Soils immediately treated with fly ash show no significant change in the unconfined compressive strength. However, after 7 days curing of the fly ash treated soils, the unconfined compressive strength increased significantly. The relationship between the plasticity index and swell-shrinkage properties for pre-treated and post-treated soils is discussed.     

鳞片石墨径厚比及掺量对导电混凝土性能的影响

为了降低导电混凝土中石墨导电相的掺量,以提高其抗压强度,降低电阻率,提高电热升温速度,将迭层状鳞片石墨剥制成径厚比大的超薄片石墨作为导电混凝土的导电相,重点探索了超薄片石墨的加工方法、掺量、导电混凝土试件结构与其抗压强度、电阻率之间的关系;同时对不同电阻率的导电混凝土的发热速度进行研究,结果表明,当超薄片石墨的掺量为6%时,其导电混凝土的抗压强度为8 M Pa;电阻率为20.6Ω.cm;电压为34 V时,发热速度为14.57℃/m in。比掺量相同的迭层状鳞片石墨导电混凝土的电阻率低,发热速度快,具有重要的实用价值。     

输电线路装配式基础下压计算时底面积取值研究

输电线路混凝土板条与角钢支架组合的装配式基础已在工程中得到应用,由于底板板条间存在空隙,基础在下压计算时底板面积取值尚不明确。通过地基土极限承载力理论分析,相邻板条间存在土拱效应,可将整个底板下的浅层土体近似等效为刚性体共同抵抗下压荷载。不同板条间距的现场试验表明,板条间距变化对荷载位移曲线基本无影响,板条下与空隙处的土压力差值在3倍底板宽度埋深时差距较小,在5倍底板宽度埋深时差别可忽略,且由于应力扩散作用板条间距变化对深层土压力无影响。根据理论研究与现场试验成果,建议装配式基础在下压计算时底板计算原则应按照底板板条包围的整体面积进行计算。     

斜桩基础受力特性研究

斜桩在群桩中起到承受较大水平荷载的作用,被广泛应用于桥梁、码头以及大型输电线路等建构筑物的基础中。群桩基础中,斜桩对竖向和水平荷载的分担作用不仅是力的分解问题,还与群桩中斜桩与直桩的单桩轴向和侧向刚度有关,进行斜桩群桩基础分析需要考虑轴向与侧向刚度的耦合。通过对直桩、斜桩的单桩侧向和轴向承载特性的分析以及群桩基础荷载分担情况的分析,揭示了斜桩基础的受力性状。负斜桩单桩侧向刚度最大,直桩次之,正斜桩最小。桩长对单桩轴向刚度的影响非常明显,桩长越长,轴向刚度越大,轴向刚度与侧向刚度之间的差异也就更加显著。群桩基础大部分竖向荷载由桩轴向力承担;当轴向刚度与侧向刚度的比值较小,基础水平荷载主要由桩侧向力承担;当轴向刚度与侧向刚度的比值很大,基础水平荷载主要由桩轴向力承担;当桩的倾斜角较小时,由基础水平荷载引起的桩轴向力较大。     

Shear wave splitting analysis of local earthquakes from dense arrays in Shimian,Sichuan

The Shimian area of Sichuan sits at the junction of the Bayan Har block, Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, and Yangtze block, where several faults intersect. This region features intense tectonic activity and frequent earthquakes. In this study, we used local seismic waveform data recorded using dense arrays deployed in the Shimian area to obtain the shear wave splitting parameters at 55 seismic stations and thereby determine the crustal anisotropic characteristics of the region. We then analyzed the crustal stress pattern and tectonic setting and explored their relationship in the study area. Although some stations returned a polarization direction of NNW-SSE, a dominant polarization direction of NW-SE was obtained for the fast shear wave at most seismic stations in the study area. The polarization directions of the fast shear wave were highly consistent throughout the study area. This orientation was in accordance with the direction of the regional principal compressive stress and parallel to the trend of the Xianshuihe and Daliangshan faults. The distribution of crustal anisotropy in this area was affected by the regional tectonic stress field and the fault structures. The mean delay time between fast and slow shear waves was 3.83 ms/km, slightly greater than the values obtained in other regions of Sichuan. This indicates that the crustal media in our study area had a high anisotropic strength and also reveals the influence of tectonic complexity resulting from the intersection of multiple faults on the strength of seismic anisotropy.     

广东省及邻区活动断裂的实验研究

从实验应力分析和岩石力学的角度,综合其它学科的相关理论,给出了一种有别于传统的活动断裂的新定义及其判据。其定义为:在现代构造应力场中,存在沿原断裂面破裂和扩展的断裂。其判据为:①某断裂走向与主压应力1σ方向所夹的锐角0°≤β≤50°时,其为活动断裂;②β=25°的断裂为最活动的断裂。通过对广东省及邻区活动断裂的实验研究还得到其1σ方向分布图(广东省域从东到西,1σ方向大致为305°～360°～15°)、活动断裂或活动断裂分段的走向范围以及主要活动断裂分段内潜在的最大地震。大致为:①NW走向的断裂,除西部极少数外,全部是活动断裂。各断裂分段内潜在的最大地震在MS 5.1～7.4级之间:②研究区东部的近EW向断裂、西部NE向断裂的部分分段和SN向断裂,也是活动断裂。各分段内潜在的最大地震在MS6.8～7.5级之间。     

Seismic anisotropy of the crust in Yunnan, China： Polarizations of fast shear-waves

Introduction Anisotropy of the crust is a common phenomenon(Crampin,1984).Shear-wave splitting can be used to study the earthquake anisotropic characteristic in crust,to analyze crustal stress field condition,and to describe the static and the dynamic state of the related anisotropic parameters(GAO et al,1999).Shear-wave splitting is quite sensitive to anisotropy.The domestic scholars applied shear-wave splitting to studying the crustal anisotropy(YAO et al,1992;GAO and FENG,1990).The st…     

淤泥生态浮床的构建及其对富营养化水体净化效果

利用武汉月湖清淤底泥为主要原料,配以膨胀珍珠岩为轻质材料、灰渣胶凝材料为粘合剂制得淤泥生态浮床,并考察其对富营养化水体的改善效果.研究表明,湖泊淤泥、膨胀珍珠岩、灰渣胶凝材料掺量分别为60%、15%、25%时,浮床模块的密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、吸水率、软化系数达到797.2kg/m3、1.02MPa、0.21MPa、13.2%和85.5%,满足设计需要.在为期32d的净水试验中,淤泥生态浮床对富营养化水体净化效果较好,TN、TP、NH4+-N、PO34-P、CODMn、Chl.a的去除率最高分别可达31.1%、38.6%、37.2%、36.9%、39.7%和48.8%.淤泥生态浮床有效解决了湖泊清淤底泥的处置问题,并且可对富营养化水体取得较好的生态修复效果,适合推广使用.     

广西及其邻区现今构造应力场研究

在分析研究前人资料和成果的基础上,结合野外地质调查和室内研究,从新构造应力场、地震、形变、地幔对流等方面对广西及其邻区的现今构造应力场进行了系统分析和研究,并用数值模拟方法对所得结果进行了验证。认为:广西及其邻区现今构造应力场的主压应力方向在桂西北和桂北为NW向,在桂东和沿海一带为EW向,这两种应力在桂中附近汇合形成过渡构造;受海南地幔热柱的影响,北部湾和雷琼地区向南拉张,形成SN向主张应力。