Solubility of FeO in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and the post-perovskite phase transition

Phase relations in Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ and Mg_0.25Fe_0.75SiO₃ were investigated in a pressure range from 72 to 123 GPa on the basis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in situ at high-pressure and -temperature in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC). Results demonstrate that Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ perovskite is formed as a single phase at 85–108 GPa and 1800–2330 K, indicating a high solubility of FeO in (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite at high pressures. Post-perovskite appears coexisting with perovskite in Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ above 106 GPa at 1410 K, the condition very close to the post-perovskite phase transition boundary in pure MgSiO₃. The coexistence of perovskite and post-perovskite was observed to 123 GPa. In addition, post-perovskite was formed coexisting with perovskite also in Mg_0.25Fe_0.75SiO₃ bulk composition at 106–123 GPa. In contrast to earlier experimental and theoretical studies, these results show that incorporation of FeO stabilizes perovskite at higher pressures. This could be due to a larger ionic radius of Fe²⁺ ion, which is incompatible with a small Mg²⁺ site in the post-perovskite phase.     

肺炎性假瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的: 分析肺炎性假瘤的CT表现.方法: 对32例经手术病理证实的肺炎性假瘤的CT及临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果: 病灶多位于肺胸膜下,广基地与胸膜相连;多呈圆形或类圆形,边缘光滑,直径2-5cm,密度均匀;边缘可见粗长毛刺,棘状突起或浅分叶;可有淋巴结肿大.结论: 全面综合地分析肺炎性假瘤的CT表现特征,结合肺内感染病史,肺炎性假瘤的正确诊断与鉴别诊断是很有帮助.     

GDX-502树脂富集高效液相色谱法测定地表水中酚类化合物

采用自制GDX-502固相萃取小柱萃取水中苯酚、对硝基酚、间甲酚、2，4-二氯酚、2，4，6-三氯酚、五氯酚等6种酚类化合物，以乙腈作为洗脱剂，选择280nm和290nm双波长紫外高效液相色谱进行检测。结果表明，方法检出限为0．01-0．05mg／L，IL水的平均加标回收率为82．5％-95．0％，精密度（RSD，n=7）为3．6％-9．2％。方法用于实际地表水中痕量酚类化合物的检测，操作简单，有机溶剂用量少，分析效率高；萃取小柱可多次重复使用，分析成本低。     

微生物降解有机物的碳氢同位素分馏研究进展

微生物降解使有机化合物的稳定碳、氢同位素发生不同程度分馏的研究在有机污染物来源和微生物环境修复等领域取得了长足进展,并对原油和天然气微生物降解研究有借鉴意义。微生物作用下的同位素分馏为动力同位素分馏,导致重同位素在残余物中富集。影响微生物降解有机物同位素分馏的主要因素有微生物的降解代谢途径、辅酶作用、降解类型与程度、同位素质量差异和有机物碳数等。不同的微生物代谢途径代表不同的生物化学反应,造成了同位素分馏的显著差异;辅酶对反应的催化作用使微生物作用造成的同位素分馏更加复杂。低碳数正构烷烃遭受微生物降解程度越高,碳、氢同位素的分馏也越大,同位素变重与降解程度之间有明显的相关性。但对于复杂化合物,由于降解的多级反应,同位素分馏与降解程度间的相关性并不明显。在同样降解程度下,氢同位素分馏大于碳同位素分馏,低碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏大于高碳数正构烷烃的同位素分馏。     

Thermal alteration of coal in the Khasyn coalfield, Magadan region, Russia

The Early Cretaceous coal deposits of the Khasyn coalfield are intruded by Palaeogene diabase dikes. The coal has vitrinite reflectance values of 2.0–2.5% R_o, and characteristics of normal anthracite at some distance from the dikes, but at direct contact with the dike two morphological coal varieties occur: coal inclusions in the diabase dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter within the dike rock. Both types of coaly matter have properties typical of anthracites: strong anisotropy, altered internal structure and high vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 3.8 to 5.5% R_o. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the interplanar spacing d(002) and the crystallite sizes Lc and La show rather similar values for coal inclusions in the dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter. The additional reflection at 3.37 Å, corresponding to semi-graphite admixture, occurs in the coal and carbonaceous matter inside the dike and is absent in the natural coal outside the dike.     

氨基氰在高温高压水流体中反应化学的实验研究

氨基氰在水热环境,尤其在超临界水中的反应化学实验结果表明,氨基氰可以通过自聚合作用,生成较高分子量的氮杂环混合物,进而水解并最终转化成ＣＯ２和ＮＨ３。实验还证明,超临界水可以有效地破坏那睦含有危险的或剧毒的有机资料,使之转化成无毒无在的Ｈ２Ｏ,ＣＯ２,ＮＨ３和无机盐等,根据实验结果,提出水解反应的可能机制是水的亲核加合。     

根据含超压气体裂隙震源模式讨论P波初动符号的分布

利用含超压气体裂隙震源模式［１］分析研究了Ｐ波初动符号的分布．根据理论推导,不同倾角含超压气体裂隙可分别形成Ｐ波初动符号的四象限分布图象和圆、椭圆、抛物线、双曲线等圆锥曲线形Ｐ波节线．按节线形状和失稳方式进行了地震分类．所推论的初动Ｐ波、Ｓ波振幅分布规律和地形变特征都与实际相符     

比值—特征主成分混合分析提取金矿蚀变信息：以赣南遂川地区为例

在分析与金矿有关的两类蚀变岩的ＴＭ波谱特征的基础上,以赣南遂川地区为实验区,利用比值－特征主成分混合分析进行了金矿蚀变岩信息提取,为找矿预测和野外工作指明了方向。     

Recent progress on anomalous X-ray pulsars

I review recent observational progress on Anomalous X-ray Pulsars, with an emphasis on timing, variability, and spectra. Highlighted results include the recent timing and flux stabilization of the notoriously unstable AXP 1E 1048.1–5937, the remarkable glitches seen in two AXPs, and the newly recognized variety of AXP variability types, including outbursts, bursts, flares, and pulse profile changes. I also discuss recent discoveries regarding AXP spectra, including their surprising hard X-ray and far-infrared emission, as well as the pulsed radio emission seen in one source. Much has been learned about these enigmatic objects over the past few years, with the pace of discoveries remaining steady. However additional work on both observational and theoretical fronts is needed before we have a comprehensive understanding of AXPs and their place in the zoo of manifestations of young neutron stars.