累托石的结晶度研究

本文用峰形分析法分析累托石的001X射线衍射峰特征;用001峰的半峰宽(W)测定累托石的结晶度(G),并令G=K/W=1为最大结晶度。文中测定了5个矿区10件累托石样品的结晶度,详细描述了不同结晶度累托石的X射线衍射、红外谱及差热曲线特征,讨论了研磨、热处理和改型对结晶度的影响,并阐明累托石的结晶度与造浆率之间呈正相关性。     

河北洞子沟银(铜金)矿床成矿地质特征及成因探讨

论述了洞子沟银（铜、金）矿床成矿地质背景和地质特征,成矿地质时代及矿床成因,并从硫同位素、氢氧同位素及包体成分、稀土元素等探讨了成矿物质来源,矿床硫同位素变化范围窄,δ３４Ｓ＝（－０．４９～＋２．８）×１０－３,硫同位素组成以重硫型为主,接近陨石硫同位素组成。δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝１２．９×１０－３,δＤＨ２Ｏ＝－７３×１０－３流体包裹体成分反映出成矿热液以岩浆来源为主,并混合了部分大气降水及雨水。提出本矿床是地洼区内的多因复成矿床。     

High-temperature X-ray investigation of natural columbites

Structural investigations at high temperature were carried out on natural columbite samples across the join Fe(Nb_0.95Ta_0.05)₂O₆–Mn(Nb_0.95Ta_0.05)₂O₆. The samples were preliminarily annealed to attain the complete cation-ordered state and avoid the superimposition of the effects of cation ordering during high-temperature studies. Unit-cell parameters of three columbites with different X_Fe content were measured at regular intervals in the temperature range 25–900 °C using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal structures of completely ordered ferrocolumbite and manganocolumbite were also refined from intensity data collected at room temperature, 300 and 600 °C. Structural thermal expansion coefficients show positive, linear expansion of a, b, c lattice constants and cell volume. In general, slightly higher expansion occurs along a and c directions. However, anisotropy decreases sharply with decreasing Fe content. Reversibility of thermal expansion in the investigated temperature range was checked by high-temperature diffraction studies under heating-up and cooling-down conditions. Impurities do not play an important role in thermal expansion of columbites; expansion coefficients measured on two crystals of the same sample characterized by different Ti content are in fact almost identical. Structural changes with temperature essentially affect bond lengths: volumes of both A and B octahedral sites increase linearly with temperature, whereas interpolyhedral geometrical parameters do not vary significantly.     

X射线荧光光谱分析检出限问题的探讨与建议

对有关X射线荧光光谱分析低含量元素的检出限问题进行了多方面的探讨。从检出限的定义及其定义下的相对标准偏差到各种不同测量、校准与校正方法的检出限及其相对应的相对标准偏差进行计算。提出了以定义检出限的相对标准偏差为基准,对各种测量方法计算出的检出限进行重新界定,从而确认一个具有可比性的、精度一致的检出限。同时还讨论了仪器与X光管固有杂质元素谱线对该元素检出限的影响;测量仪器、测量条件与测量时间对检出限的影响;不同岩性试样对检出限的影响;检出限与测定限等问题。     

湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水岩反应数值模拟

湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床是一典型的夕卡岩 斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿流体的成分及温压条件;结合矿床学的研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即夕卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johnson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对该矿床的成矿流体与围岩的反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明:在斑岩型矿化阶段,成矿流体系统出现等焓减压沸腾过程并沉淀出大量的金属矿物,成矿流体分异为低盐度流体和高盐度流体;在夕卡岩型成矿阶段,沉淀出典型的夕卡岩矿物;在整个成矿过程中,成矿流体的pH值逐渐升高。模拟计算结果与实际地质现象非常吻合,说明所建立的水 岩反应模型可以为理解这一类复合型金属热液矿床的形成机制提供一个新的思路。     

纳米科技与粘土矿物学研究的思考

纳米科技已在地学领域取得了重要研究成果。粘土矿物学在材料科学中占有重要的地位,有必要建立“纳米粘土矿物学”这一学科,其研究手段与纳米科技一致,研究内容主要包括：纳米粘土矿物微粒矿物学、纳米粘土矿物体系物理学、纳米粘土矿物化学、纳米粘土矿物材料学和纳米粘土矿物加工学。本文进一步对纳米粘土矿物的检测方法和检测标准、聚合物／纳米粘土矿物复合材料的产业化提出了思考。     

X-Ray Interferometry

For the astronomer, X-ray interferometry is the theory and practice of building dilute aperture telescopes for studying celestial X-ray sources. The short wavelengths and high surface brightness of X-ray sources will make the eventual scientific payoff very high, with direct imaging of the event horizons of black holes as the centerpiece. In this article, we review the history of X-ray interferometry and discuss the recent technical developments toward astronomical applications. We present several mission concepts and show they are achievable with todays technology.     

低质量X射线双星的毫秒级准周期信号——最近的进展

最近对低质量X射线双星中的千赫兹准周期振动的研究表明 ,是辐射压力 ,而不是盘和磁球的相互作用以及处于盘内边界的广义相对论效应在短时标的盘切断机制上起作用。本文给出了一些研究结果及讨论。     

X-ray emission from accretion disks in active galactic nuclei

We constructed a grid of relativistic models for standard high-relative-luminosity accretion α-disks around supermassive Kerr black holes (BHs) and computed X-ray spectra for their hot, effectively optically thin inner parts by taking into account general-relativity effects. They are known to be heated to high (～10⁶–10⁹ K) temperatures and to cool down through the Comptonization of intrinsic thermal radiation. Their spectra are power laws with an exponential cutoff at high energies; i.e., they have the same shape as those observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Fitting the observed X-ray spectra of AGNs with computed spectra allowed us to estimate the fundamental parameters of BHs (their mass and Kerr parameter) and accretion disks (luminosity and inclination to the line of sight) in 28 AGNs. We show that the Kerr parameter for BHs in AGNs is close to unity and that the disk inclination correlates with the Seyfert type of AGN, in accordance with the unification model of activity. The estimated BH masses M_x are compared with the masses M_rev determined by the reverberation mapping technique. For AGNs with luminosities close to the Eddington limit, these masses agree and the model under consideration may be valid for them. For low-relative-luminosity AGNs, the differences in masses increase with decreasing relative luminosity and their X-ray emission cannot be explained by this model.     

一种根据曲率变化检校畸变差的方法

提出了基于曲率变化的畸变差检校方法。首先对影像上提取的直线进行二分，根据重新匹配出的直线可确定实际物方直线在影像上的投影因镜头畸变而产生弯曲的程度，以此可对镜头的畸变进行检校。但对于镜头畸变较大的情况二分直线无法检测出实际曲线的弯曲程度，因此，需要对所有共线的直线进行分组，由每组直线来确定实际曲线的弯曲程度，检校镜头畸变，从而消除其对影像的影响。实验证明，通过这种方法对镜头畸变进行检校，能够得到较好的结果。