航空遥感测量海面油膜厚度的研究

本文根据3层介质微波辐射的基本原理,分析计算了各介质和环境参数对油膜厚度的影响大小,并以此为依据探讨了确定各参数的方法。通过露天水池试验给予验证。提出了在单波段(8mm)固定天线微波辐射计获取海水区与油膜区天线亮(度)温(度)两参数条件下的航空遥感南海海面油膜厚度计算模式,海上航空遥感测量实验与模式计算结果基本符合。     

A thin film approach for producing mineral diffusion couples

Few diffusion coefficient values have been measured for silicate minerals at pertinent geologic conditions because of experimental restrictions. Until recently, analysis of diffusion couples was conducted principally with electron microprobes which have rather poor spatial resolution (micrometer scale). Ion microprobe analyses, however, eliminate many of the previous experimental restrictions; in depth profile mode they have excellent spatial resolution (tens of angstroms) and diffusion couples can be analyzed normal to the interface. Diffusion couples analyzed by ion microprobe must be well-defined and uniform; previous methods using solution precipitates to form the diffusion couples were heterogeneous and had limited success. A new approach, the thermal evaporation of²⁵MgO under high vacuum onto a crystalline substrate (oxide, silicate), produces a 1000 Å thick²⁵MgO _x (x<1) thin film. This method yields an excellent diffusion couple for low-temperature diffusion experiments. Diffusion anneal experiments using this approach for garnet provide a Mg self-diffusion coefficient ofD=0.60±0.09×10^–21 m²/s at 1000°C (logFO₂=–11.3,P=1 atm,X _Almandine=0.24).     

利用航片设计和标定物化探网的方法及数学模型

本文提出了利用航片设计和标定物化探网的方法,并给出了有关的数学模型。     

用于光学薄膜测量的导波光学方法与分光光度技术的比较研究

通过对导波光学和分光光度法的实验比较研究,证明了导波光学技术在测量光学薄膜特征参数方面的可靠性及其良好精度。     

爆发性发展台风合成环境场的诊断分析

本文应用合成分析方法对5个台风的平缓演变阶段和爆发性发展阶段的环境场作了对比分析。结果表明，在台风爆发性发展时，副热带高压及其反气旋环流增强，台风东部低层风速加大，高空有东风扰动叠加，低空辐合和高层辐散增强，低层水汽能量辐合及台风外围对流性不稳定性增大，低空垂直环流发展。以上因子导致积云对流发展。在弱垂直切变环境下，通过第二类条件性不稳定(CISK)机制，使台风中心气压急剧下降，气旋性环流显著增强，从而导致台风的爆发性发展。这说明台风爆发性发展是大尺度环流和积云对流相互作用的结果。     

旱作地膜小麦-玉米带田一膜两用热效应显著

旱作地膜小麦－玉米带田－膜两用技术热效应显著，可提高地温２－６℃，保证了小麦安全越冬，促进了作物早发；热资源利用率高达０．９７７，比单作提高了２５％－４０％，变作物一年一熟为一年两熟，亩产可达到４４０－６１０ｋｇ，比单比增产２０％－８０％。     

双金属抗震减灾复合材料设计与抗震特性分析

提出了Fe/Zn双金属抗震减灾复合材料的设计构想和复合理论基础。为验证Fe/Zn双金属复合材料具有抗震减灾作用,利用有限元软件ANSYS对材料的性能作数值仿真,分析了Fe/Zn复合材料试件在地震荷载下的动力特性。复合材料中,Fe保证构件刚度、恢复力及不发生过大变形;Zn的塑性变形改变材料的自振周期,同时吸收地震能量。     

Analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures with orthogonal anisotropy

Reinforced soil with geosynthetics as a composite material represents significant orthogonally anisotropic properties. However, current analytical methods usually treat the soil and reinforcement separately, which is not true of practical situations. Therefore, it is difficult to use these methods to study the real effects of the reinforcement. This paper presents an analytical model based on the theory of elasticity for orthogonally anisotropic materials that can be used in analyzing reinforced soil structures with geosynthetics. The stresses and deformations at any point within the reinforced soil structure can be determined by the proposed model. The capabilities of the model have been illustrated by application to an example problem involving a physical model test of a geosynthetic reinforced soil structure. The results of the model prediction are compared with those obtained from the model tests as well as finite element analysis. It is shown that the results of the analytical solution are in good agreement with those of the physical model tests and the finite element analysis.     

CFG桩复合地基沉降影响因素分析

影响CFG桩(Cem ent F lyash G ravel P ile)复合地基的沉降变形因素较多。本文应用有限差分(FLAC3D)程序,对褥垫层、荷载、桩长、桩土模量比,置换率、桩周土和桩端土模量比以及桩群等影响沉降的因素进行了系统的分析,分析了这些因素与沉降的内在联系,得到减小复合地基沉降的方法和措施,对实际工程优化设计有一定的借鉴作用。     

边坡位移预测组合灰色神经网络方法

边坡位移的发展受地质条件、气候环境及人类活动等因素影响,变化趋势复杂,难以建立准确的经典数学模型对其进行全面描述。为了较准确地得到边坡位移数据,采用多模型信息融合技术对其进行预测。首先,将边坡这类影响因素复杂的系统作为一个灰色系统,分别采用GM(1,1)模型、Verhulst模型及DGM(2,1)模型对位移值进行预测;其次,考虑到神经网络的高速并行计算能力和类似人类思维活动的处理机制,利用神经网络方法对不同的灰色预测模型组合,生成灰色神经网络模型。通过反复训练、学习,自动调节,得出各模型在组合模型的合理权重,输出满意的结果。对比发现,利用组合灰色神经网络模型预测的位移值较单独的灰色模型预测的位移值具有更高的精度。