基于生态系统服务的海洋健康评估与调控:以莱州湾为例

近岸海域的生态系统管理,要求对海洋健康进行综合的评估以及对人工调控进行科学的指导,进而促进可持续发展。本文构建了定量化方法,用于评估当前的和近期的基于生态系统服务的海洋健康。以莱州湾为例的研究结果表明,当前的海洋健康指数分值为0.7856(总分为1.0);通过对负面压力进行不同强度的人工调控,得到近期海洋健康预计的变化范围为0.5551到0.8041。具体地说,本文评估得到当前的海洋健康主要表现为文化服务和供给服务基本优秀,而支持服务和调节服务不够良好。若不对持续增长的压力采取有效的调控措施,该近岸海域生态系统会在近期丧失部分支持服务和调节服务;若负面压力被完全控制,该近岸海域生态系统服务的分类等级会得到小幅提升。另外,应进一步加强对生态系统服务尤其是文化服务和调节服务的宣传教育。本文的分析过程和量化结果,为进一步指导人工调控提供了灵活的工具,有助于海岸带区域的生态系统管理。     

鱼类维生素D3代谢及其生理功能的研究进展

维生素D(VD)是一类具有抗佝偻病作用的类固醇激素,其中维生素D3(VD3)是VD在动物体内的主要存在形式.作为生命活动必不可少的一类物质,VD发挥着广泛且重要的生理学作用.VD在动物体内的代谢过程及相关的代谢酶具有较高的进化保守性,同时也受到多种因素的调控影响.由于鱼类在生活环境方面与陆生脊椎动物存在显著差异,VD在...     

关于日本渔业调整委员会的性质的探讨

日本的渔业管理有一个显著的特色,就是除了政府相关部门对渔业进行行政管理以外,还有一个特殊的机构－渔业调整委员会参与管理日本沿海各海域的渔业。它既不同于专门的政府机构,又不角我国民间的渔业管理委员会。该机构的建立,使得日本的渔业管理逐步走上了法制化、民主化的轨道。本文通过分析日本渔业法规中对该委员职能的规定,探讨其所具有的性质,期望能为我国今后加强渔业管理提供一定的帮助。     

双阳盆地聚煤作用及煤层分布特点

双阳盆地为一内陆山间盆地。通过对盆地主要含煤地层充填序列山麓相—河床、漫滩相—浅湖相—沼泽相—泥炭沼泽相—深湖相的分析,将盆地边缘向盆地中心分为无煤带—分叉变薄带—合并变厚带—分叉变薄带。预测在盆地东北侧沿走向应有工业价值的煤层存在。     

潮流界以下河段航道整治水位确定方法研究——以长江江阴以下河段为例

在总结分析现有整治水位确定方法的基础上,根据潮流界以下河段的水沙运动特性,本文提出一种基于输沙能力的航道整治水位确定方法。考虑上游来水、下游潮汐为独立事件,统计潮流界以下河段上游来水、下游潮汐不同等级组合出现的频率,采用数学模型计算相应组合下河段沿程的潮位、流速过程,以流速四次方代表水流的输沙能力,统计不同潮位等级对应的综合净输沙能力,确定最大综合净输沙能力对应的水位为(最优)航道整治水位。以长江下游白茆沙水道和福姜沙水道为例,计算了所在河段的航道整治水位,并探讨了起动流速对整治水位计算的影响和最高整治水位概念对工程的意义。     

New developments in water efficiency

1Water LossInitiativesUnaccounted-for water(or unbilled water)has beenreceiving newscrutiny at both the state and nationallevels.For years,water conservationeffortsin Europehave emphasized reduction in water loss to a muchgreater extent thaninthe United S…     

Streeter-Phelps模型参数估计的遗传算法

提出Streeter-Phelps模型参数估计的新方法--遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm),它不同于常规参数估计方法,其优点在于,从多个初始点开始寻优,并采用交迭和变异运算避免过早地收敛到局部最优解,可获得全局最优解,且不受初始值影响.该方法不必求导计算,编程简单快捷.给出了实例计算及与其他方法相比较的结果.     

土地利用与规划管理信息系统的设计与实现

介绍基于MAPINFO平台的土地利用与规划管理信息系统的结构、功能和特点     

陇东南旱作区土壤失墒规律初探

通过试验分析,探讨了陇东南地区旱作田累积失墒规律,各土壤墒值段散逸速度,模拟了土壤水分散逸过程,得出了土壤从高墒散失水分降至低墒值所用的相对时间。即土壤重量含水率占田间持水量６０ ％ ～９０ ％ 时为最速失墒期,６０ ％ ～４０ ％ 为次速失墒期,重旱（ 占田间持水量≤４０ ％ ）时,散失同样量的水分,比从占田间持水量９０ ％ 至６０ ％ 及轻旱（ 占间持水量６０ ％ 以下） 至重旱间所需时间长１０ ～２０ 倍,为今后这方面的研究及干旱预测提供参考。     

Downstream effects of stream flow diversion on channel characteristics and riparian vegetation in the Colorado Rocky Mountains,USA

Flow diversions are widespread and numerous throughout the semi‐arid mountains of the western United States. Diversions vary greatly in their structure and ability to divert water, but can alter the magnitude and duration of base and peak flows, depending upon their size and management. Channel geometry and riparian plant communities have adapted to unique hydrologic and geomorphic conditions existing in the areas subject to fluvial processes. We use geomorphic and vegetation data from low‐gradient (≤3%) streams in the Rocky Mountains of north‐central Colorado to assess potential effects of diversion. Data were collected at 37 reaches, including 16 paired upstream and downstream reaches and five unpaired reaches. Channel geometry data were derived from surveys of bankfull channel dimensions and substrate. Vegetation was sampled using a line‐point intercept method along transects oriented perpendicular to the channel, with a total of 100 sampling points per reach. Elevation above and distance from the channel were measured at each vegetation sampling point to analyze differences in lateral and vertical zonation of plant communities between upstream and downstream reaches. Geomorphic data were analyzed using mixed effects models. Bankfull width, depth, and cross‐sectional area decreased downstream from diversions. Vegetation data were analyzed using biological diversity metrics, richness, evenness and diversity, as well as multivariate community analysis. Evenness increased downstream from diversions, through reduced frequency of wetland indicator species and increased frequency of upland indicator species. Probability of occurrence for upland species downstream of a diversion increases at a greater rate beginning around 0·5 m above active channel. The results suggest that channel morphology and riparian plant communities along low‐gradient reaches in montane environments in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are impacted by diversion‐induced flow alteration, with the net effect of simplifying and narrowing the channel and homogenizing and terrestrializing riparian plant communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.