多层CT重建算法对比研究

目前多层CT的重建算法主要有基于FDK的三维滤波反投影算法以及基于多层投影数据重排的二维FBP重建算法。本文对传统的FDK算法、基于投影角度二维/三维加权的CB-FBP算法以及自适应轴向插值AAI-FBP算法的性能进行了对比实验,并对实验数据进行了细致地分析。实验结果表明:在这几种重建算法中,AAI-FBP算法对于多层CT的重建效果最好,这对于后续多层CT重建算法的改进以及临床应用研究提供了可靠的实验依据。     

榆林市两次局地短时大暴雨过程的特征分析

2018年8月7日和8月10日,陕西省榆林市先后出现了两次局地短时大暴雨过程(以下分别简称过程I和过程II),过程累积降水量分别为103.4mm和142.5mm。本文利用NCEP再分析资料、常规地面观测数据、卫星云图数据和多普勒雷达数据,对这两次短时大暴雨的环流背景及中尺度特征进行了对比分析。结果表明：(1)过程I是典型的副热带高压外围短波扰动引起的强对流天气,过程II是冷涡南下冷空气触发的强对流天气; (2)过程I对流发展剧烈,产生了雷暴,雷暴高压造成了地面冷池堆积,使地面气温和气压呈明显反比,过程II对流相对较弱,无雷暴,地面气温和气压呈正比;(3)过程I的短时强降水发生在TBB低值区,过程II则发生在TBB梯度大值区;(4)过程I是由地面辐合线、阵风锋触发的多个小对流单体发展及合并的过程,强对流云团不断经过榆林城区上空产生“列车效应”,造成了较强的短时强降水和局地的短时大暴雨;过程II由上游地区较强的对流云团东移,在不断经过神木县境内加强而造成“列车效应”,且持续时间更长,从而造成局地的短时大暴雨。     

混源油气定量研究思路与方法

混源研究是油气成藏机理研究的重要内容,是油气勘探方向不可回避的现实问题.以东营凹陷为例,提出多数盆地都具备油气混源的必要条件,混源现象普遍存在但具有明显的非均质性.以塔中地区为例,指出烃类指标、同位素、包裹体等地球化学测试手段是识别混源油的重要途径.密度驱动混合作用和分子扩散是油气混合的重要机制,受油源、混合时间与隔层等多种因素的控制,不同油气藏具有不同的油气混合尺度.混源定量方法主要包括:应用烃类指标或参数进行的二端元、三端元线性与非线性混源定量法、碳同位素混源定量法、模拟实验法、排烃量计算物质平衡法.建立适用于多源混合、包含多项指标、采用更优化的混合定量数学模型如与高分辨率气相色谱指纹相结合的ANN神经网络数学模拟的混源定量计算,将有效提高混源定量精度.     

矿区深部找矿前景快速评价的基本方法和有效途径

矿区深部找矿前景快速评价属于大比例尺成矿预测的一个重要研究内容,对于矿区深部找矿的决策有着重要的影响。对找矿前景快速评价的基本方法和有效途径进行了探讨,指出类比法、趋势外推法和归纳法是矿区深部找矿前景快速评价的基本方法。认为找矿前景快速评价的有效途径选择难度较大,评价者必须针对具体对象、具体情况进行慎重的研究和分析。     

云南临沧市3次罕见雨雪天气对比分析

利用MICAPS资料,对临沧市近年出现的3次罕见雨雪天气从环流特征、冷空气特点和物理量场进行分析,得出:3次雨雪天气过程都是在有利的天气形势背景下发生的,冷空气的强弱和水汽来源的不同,以及水汽通量散度、垂直速度和假相当位温分布的差异导致了雨雪过程降水量的不同.     

3‐D mesoscale simulation of crack‐permeability coupling in the Brazilian splitting test

In this paper, mesoscale hydromechanical simulations are performed to study (1) fracture features and (2) crack‐gas permeability coupling evolution in the context of the tensile splitting test. The mesostructure is based on a 2‐phase 3‐D representation of heterogeneous materials, such as concrete, where stiff aggregates are embedded into a mortar matrix. To take into account these heterogeneities without any mesh adaptation, a weak discontinuity is introduced into the strain field. In addition, a strong discontinuity is also added to take into account microcracking. This mechanical model is cast into the framework of the enhanced finite element method. Concerning the coupling with gas permeability, a double‐porosity method is used to simulate the flow through the cracks and the porosity. The apparent gas permeability is afterwards evaluated by a homogenization method. On the basis of finite element simulations, influence of aggregate size on ultimate crack opening, macroscopic ultimate tensile stress, total dissipated energy, and gas permeability evolution is numerically investigated. Furthermore, gas permeability evolution is also compared with experimental results from the literature. In addition, in the spirit of a sequential multiscale approach, macroscale gas permeability equations are identified from the hydromechanical results coming from the mesoscale computations. These equations lead to a relation between macroscale gas permeability evolution and crack opening. Besides, we show how the aggregate size influences the percolation threshold and that after this threshold, a cubic relation between macroscale gas permeability and crack opening is obtained.     

Modified predictor-corrector solution approach for efficient discontinuous deformation analysis of jointed rock masses

The high computational costs associated with the implicit formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) have been one of the major obstacles for its implementation to engineering problems involving jointed rock masses with large numbers of blocks. In this paper, the Newmark-based predictor-corrector solution (NPC) approach was modified to improve the performance of the original DDA solution module in modeling discontinuous problems. The equation of motion for a discrete block system is first established with emphasis on the consideration of contact constraints. A family of modified Newmark-based predictor-corrector integration (MNPC) scheme is then proposed and implemented into a unified analysis framework. Comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the widely used constant acceleration (CA) integration approach and central difference (CD) approach, regarding the stability and numerical damping features for a single-degree-of-freedom model, where the implications of the proposed approach on open-close iteration are also discussed. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by several benchmarking examples, and it is then applied to two typical problems with different numbers of blocks. The results show that the original CA approach in DDA is efficient for the simulation of quasi-static deformation of jointed rock masses, while the proposed MNPC approach leads to improved computational efficiency for dynamic analysis of large-scale jointed rock masses. The MNPC approach therefore provides an additional option for efficient DDA of jointed rock masses.     

Analytical approach for time‐dependent groundwater inflow into shield tunnel face in confined aquifer

Prediction of time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a shield tunnel is a significant task facing engineers. Published literature shows that there is no available method with which to predict time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a tunnel. This paper presents a prediction approach for time‐dependent groundwater inflow into a tunnel in both anisotropic and isotropic confined aquifers. The proposed solution can predict groundwater inrush from the tunnel cutting face. To obtain the time‐dependent groundwater flow quantity, the concept of a horizontal‐well pumping test based on the theory of a point source is adopted. Multiple factors, eg, drawdown, thickness of aquifer, conductivities, and specific storage, are taken into account. Both groundwater inflow to the cross section of a tunnel face in the y‐z plane and total tunnel inflow are obtained. Based on the proposed approach, the time‐dependent groundwater inflow to a tunnel can be classified as either a uniform or non‐uniform flow. The proposed approach is applied to analyse groundwater inflow of 2 field cases: (1) Metro line No. 7, Guangzhou City and (2) an underground tunnel in Huizhou, Guangdong Province. Results show that the proposed method can predict the measured values, and drawdown‐related curves are also derived. In addition, the calculated results also reveal that the effect of hydraulic conductivity k_z on the total groundwater inflow differs from that of hydraulic conductivities k_x and k_y and the thickness of the aquifer.     

基于RNA-seq技术的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)不同组织转录组比较分析

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是我国重要的淡水虾养殖品种,为探讨罗氏沼虾不同组织基因表达差异,本研究使用Illumina Hiseq平台分析了罗氏沼虾的7个组织(眼柄、肝脏、卵巢、鳃、心脏、肌肉、精巢)转录组,质控后获得高质量的clean reads 36325476、56796932、36328098、51370140、45010606、43240160、42404294条,共计46.2 Gb的clean reads数据。测序结果经denovo组装共获得95220个Unigenes,每个Unigenes的平均长度为1064.9bp。经过生物信息学方法与五个数据库(NR, GO, COG, KEGG, SWSS-PRO)比对,共注释到20368个Unigenes。其中GO功能注释将Unigenes分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个大类50个分支;在与COG数据库比对中,共有15798条比对到了同源序列,且一共被分为25类;KEGG代谢通路包括6大类33个小类,可将Unigenes映射到330条代谢通路中。分子标记筛选后获得37751个潜在SSR位点,共发现3228575个SNP位点。本研究通过对罗氏沼虾7个不同组织进行转录组测序,数据组装及功能注释,为进一步深入挖掘和开发利用罗氏沼虾功能基因提供参考。     

The influence of habitat availability on juvenile fish abundance in a northeastern New Zealand estuary

Management of fish populations is often focused on the exploitation of adult fish. Maintaining the habitat requirements of all life stages may also be an important consideration. We investigated the value of structured habitat to juvenile fishes within a northeastern New Zealand harbour using artificial seagrass units (ASUs). Specifically, we deployed ASUs across treatments with high vs. low habitat manipulations. We hypothesised that if the abundance of recruiting juvenile fishes was greater on the high habitat availability treatments this would suggest that the availability of habitat was limiting juvenile fish abundance. Our analyses were focused on the four most abundant fishes that settled on our ASUs: snapper (Pagrus auratus); spotty (Notolabrus celidotus); trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex); and an assemblage of pipefish species. For snapper, spotty and pipefish, abundance was greater on the high habitat availability treatments. This result would be unlikely to occur if the availability of juvenile fishes was limiting, suggesting that juvenile fish abundance is more likely to be limited by habitat. In terms of spatial gradients, spotty abundance and size increased with distance into the harbour. The spatial gradient present for spotty indicates the importance of placing the habitat dependency of juvenile fish into a landscape context. Overall, these results demonstrate that maintaining structured habitats may be an important consideration for some valuable inshore fish populations in northeastern New Zealand.